WILLIAMS' ESSENTIALS OF
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem (2–4 sentences)
A 52-year-old man attends a workplace wellness screening. His
BMI is 31 kg/m², fasting glucose is 105 mg/dL, and he reports a
diet high in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.
As the nutrition clinician, which initial population-level and
individual-level nutrition priority should you select to reduce his
cardiometabolic risk?
,Options
A. Refer immediately for pharmacologic therapy for glycemic
control.
B. Initiate a brief behavior-change intervention focused on
reducing sugar-sweetened beverages and increasing whole
foods.
C. Recommend a ketogenic diet without further assessment.
D. Suggest weight-loss surgery evaluation.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): A brief behavior-change intervention targeting
sugar-sweetened beverage reduction and increased intake of
whole foods addresses modifiable dietary behaviors, aligns with
primary prevention strategies in nutrition promotion, and is
appropriate as the first-line action for someone with overweight
and fasting hyperglycemia. This approach follows the chapter’s
emphasis on health promotion and dietary patterns to reduce
chronic disease risk.
Incorrect (A): Pharmacologic therapy is not first-line for fasting
glucose in the prediabetic range without prior lifestyle
intervention.
Incorrect (C): A restrictive ketogenic diet is not indicated
without comprehensive assessment, patient preference, or
monitoring and may conflict with evidence-based, sustainable
health-promotion advice.
,Incorrect (D): Bariatric surgery is inappropriate at this stage; it’s
reserved for severe obesity with contraindications or after
documented failure of structured interventions.
Teaching Point
Prioritize sustainable dietary behavior change and health-
promotion strategies before medical or surgical options.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
2⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition Screening vs. Assessment
Clinical Question Stem (2–4 sentences)
A community clinic implements nutrition screening at intake
using a two-question tool (weight change and appetite). A 78-
year-old woman screens positive for unintentional 6% weight
loss in 3 months and poor appetite. Which next step best
reflects appropriate use of screening versus assessment?
Options
A. Document the positive screen and schedule annual follow-
up.
B. Proceed with a comprehensive nutrition assessment
including dietary recall, medication review, and functional
status.
C. Give the patient a multivitamin and discharge from nutrition
, services.
D. Refer to mental health services only.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): A positive screening result requires a
comprehensive nutrition assessment to determine causes (e.g.,
medication side effects, dysphagia, depression, disease-related
catabolism) and to develop individualized interventions. This
follows the chapter’s distinction between rapid screening and
in-depth assessment.
Incorrect (A): Annual follow-up is insufficient after a positive
screen that indicates recent significant weight loss.
Incorrect (C): Providing a multivitamin without assessment
ignores likely multifactorial causes and risks missing treatable
conditions.
Incorrect (D): Mental health referral may be appropriate but
should occur alongside a full nutrition assessment rather than
as the sole action.
Teaching Point
Screens flag risk; positive screens mandate a thorough nutrition
assessment and individualized plan.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem (2–4 sentences)
A 52-year-old man attends a workplace wellness screening. His
BMI is 31 kg/m², fasting glucose is 105 mg/dL, and he reports a
diet high in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.
As the nutrition clinician, which initial population-level and
individual-level nutrition priority should you select to reduce his
cardiometabolic risk?
,Options
A. Refer immediately for pharmacologic therapy for glycemic
control.
B. Initiate a brief behavior-change intervention focused on
reducing sugar-sweetened beverages and increasing whole
foods.
C. Recommend a ketogenic diet without further assessment.
D. Suggest weight-loss surgery evaluation.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): A brief behavior-change intervention targeting
sugar-sweetened beverage reduction and increased intake of
whole foods addresses modifiable dietary behaviors, aligns with
primary prevention strategies in nutrition promotion, and is
appropriate as the first-line action for someone with overweight
and fasting hyperglycemia. This approach follows the chapter’s
emphasis on health promotion and dietary patterns to reduce
chronic disease risk.
Incorrect (A): Pharmacologic therapy is not first-line for fasting
glucose in the prediabetic range without prior lifestyle
intervention.
Incorrect (C): A restrictive ketogenic diet is not indicated
without comprehensive assessment, patient preference, or
monitoring and may conflict with evidence-based, sustainable
health-promotion advice.
,Incorrect (D): Bariatric surgery is inappropriate at this stage; it’s
reserved for severe obesity with contraindications or after
documented failure of structured interventions.
Teaching Point
Prioritize sustainable dietary behavior change and health-
promotion strategies before medical or surgical options.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
2⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition Screening vs. Assessment
Clinical Question Stem (2–4 sentences)
A community clinic implements nutrition screening at intake
using a two-question tool (weight change and appetite). A 78-
year-old woman screens positive for unintentional 6% weight
loss in 3 months and poor appetite. Which next step best
reflects appropriate use of screening versus assessment?
Options
A. Document the positive screen and schedule annual follow-
up.
B. Proceed with a comprehensive nutrition assessment
including dietary recall, medication review, and functional
status.
C. Give the patient a multivitamin and discharge from nutrition
, services.
D. Refer to mental health services only.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): A positive screening result requires a
comprehensive nutrition assessment to determine causes (e.g.,
medication side effects, dysphagia, depression, disease-related
catabolism) and to develop individualized interventions. This
follows the chapter’s distinction between rapid screening and
in-depth assessment.
Incorrect (A): Annual follow-up is insufficient after a positive
screen that indicates recent significant weight loss.
Incorrect (C): Providing a multivitamin without assessment
ignores likely multifactorial causes and risks missing treatable
conditions.
Incorrect (D): Mental health referral may be appropriate but
should occur alongside a full nutrition assessment rather than
as the sole action.
Teaching Point
Screens flag risk; positive screens mandate a thorough nutrition
assessment and individualized plan.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
