AQA GCSE Biology - Paper 1 TEST BANK EXAM
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What do bacterial cells contain?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, flagella, ribosomes, mitochondria,
slime capsule, plasmids (small rings of DNA) and a single circular strand of
DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
What do bacterial cells NOT contain?
A nucleus
What is the equation for magnification?
Image size divided by actual size
What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What are undifferentiated cells called?
Stem cells
,What are sperm cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Reproduction - they transport the male DNA to the female DNA
-It has a flagella and a streamlined head to help it swim towards the egg
-There are lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
-It carries enzymes in its head to help digest through the egg cell
membranes
What are nerve cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Rapid signalling - they carry electrical signals from one part of the body
to another
-They are long to cover more distance
-They have branched connections at their ends to connect to other
nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
What are muscle cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Contraction - they need to contract quickly
-They are long so they have space to contract
-They contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for
contraction
What are root hair cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Absorbing water and minerals
-They are cells on the surface of plant roots which grow into long hairs
that stick out into the soil
-They have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
from the soil
,What are chromosomes?
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that are found in the nuclei
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?
To grow or replace cells that have been damaged
What are stem cells?
They are undifferentiated cells that divide to produce lots more
undifferentiated cells. They then differentiate into different types of cell
Where are stem cells found?
In early human embryos or the bone marrow of adults
What do embryonic stem cells do?
1) Used to replace faulty cells in sick people - insulin-producing
cells for diabetes and nerve cells for paralysed spinal injuries
2) Used to replace faulty blood cells
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
, Name the substances that can diffuse through cell membranes
Glucose, water, oxygen and amino acids
Name two substances that can't diffuse through cell membranes
Protein and starch
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules through a partially
permeable cell membrane from an area of high water concentration to
an area of low water concentration
What are the two main differences between active transport and diffusion?
Active transport uses energy whereas diffusion doesn't. Active transport
goes against the concentration gradient whereas diffusion goes along it
Adaptations of Exchange Surfaces
1) Large surface area - lots of substances can diffuse at once
2) Lots of blood vessels - to get stuff into and out of the blood quickly
3) Thin membrane - short distance for substances to diffuse
4) Often ventilated - air moves in & out
LATEST WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED PASS
LATEST UPDATE 2026-2027London South
Bank University
What do bacterial cells contain?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, flagella, ribosomes, mitochondria,
slime capsule, plasmids (small rings of DNA) and a single circular strand of
DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
What do bacterial cells NOT contain?
A nucleus
What is the equation for magnification?
Image size divided by actual size
What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What are undifferentiated cells called?
Stem cells
,What are sperm cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Reproduction - they transport the male DNA to the female DNA
-It has a flagella and a streamlined head to help it swim towards the egg
-There are lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
-It carries enzymes in its head to help digest through the egg cell
membranes
What are nerve cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Rapid signalling - they carry electrical signals from one part of the body
to another
-They are long to cover more distance
-They have branched connections at their ends to connect to other
nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
What are muscle cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Contraction - they need to contract quickly
-They are long so they have space to contract
-They contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for
contraction
What are root hair cells specialised for and how are they specialised?
Absorbing water and minerals
-They are cells on the surface of plant roots which grow into long hairs
that stick out into the soil
-They have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
from the soil
,What are chromosomes?
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that are found in the nuclei
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?
To grow or replace cells that have been damaged
What are stem cells?
They are undifferentiated cells that divide to produce lots more
undifferentiated cells. They then differentiate into different types of cell
Where are stem cells found?
In early human embryos or the bone marrow of adults
What do embryonic stem cells do?
1) Used to replace faulty cells in sick people - insulin-producing
cells for diabetes and nerve cells for paralysed spinal injuries
2) Used to replace faulty blood cells
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
, Name the substances that can diffuse through cell membranes
Glucose, water, oxygen and amino acids
Name two substances that can't diffuse through cell membranes
Protein and starch
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules through a partially
permeable cell membrane from an area of high water concentration to
an area of low water concentration
What are the two main differences between active transport and diffusion?
Active transport uses energy whereas diffusion doesn't. Active transport
goes against the concentration gradient whereas diffusion goes along it
Adaptations of Exchange Surfaces
1) Large surface area - lots of substances can diffuse at once
2) Lots of blood vessels - to get stuff into and out of the blood quickly
3) Thin membrane - short distance for substances to diffuse
4) Often ventilated - air moves in & out
