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Samenvatting Geneesmiddelen microbiologie Andre Emmanuel Bach2 Geneeskunde KUL 17/20

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Samenvatting Microbiologie Andre Emmanuel Bach2 Geneeskunde KUL 17/20

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Uploaded on
February 1, 2026
Number of pages
10
Written in
2024/2025
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Microbiologie – geneesmiddelen

Antibiotica en antimicrobiele middelen

Klasse Voorbeelden werkingsmechanism Spectrum Opmerking
e
β-lactam antibiotica Penicillines, Remmen PBP's, Gram-positief en/of Belangrijkste klasse;
Cefalosporines, blokkeren gram-negatief tijdsafhankelijke
Carbapenems, celwandsynthese werking; resistentie
Monobactams via β-lactamasen
(ESBL, AmpC), PBP-
mutaties (mecA);
doseringsstrategie
gericht op T>MIC.
Glycopeptiden Vancomycine Binden aan D-Ala-D- Gram-positief Cruciaal bij MRSA;
Ala, remmen resistentie via
celwandsynthese VanA/VanB-genen;
alleen IV voor
systemische
infecties, oraal bij C.
difficile.
Aminoglycosiden Amikacine Binden aan 30S Gram-negatief Concentratieafhankel
ribosoomsubunit, ijke werking; post-
remmen antibiotisch effect;
eiwitsynthese nefro- en
ototoxiciteit;
beperkte
weefselpenetratie.
Macroliden Azithromycine, Binden aan 50S Breed spectrum Goede
Clarithromycine ribosoomsubunit, weefselpenetratie;
remmen interacties met
eiwitsynthese CYP3A4; resistentie

1

, via effluxpompen
(MexXY).
Lincosamiden Clindamycine Remmen Anaeroben, Gram- Alternatief bij
eiwitsynthese via positief penicilline-allergie;
50S subunit risico op C. difficile-
infecties.
Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Binden aan 30S Breed spectrum Orale
Minocycline ribosoomsubunit, beschikbaarheid;
remmen fototoxiciteit;
eiwitsynthese tandverkleuring;
resistentie via
effluxpompen.
Fluoroquinolonen Ciprofloxacine, Remmen DNA-gyrase Breed spectrum Concentratieafhankel
Levofloxacine, en topoisomerase IV, ijke werking; risico
Moxifloxacine blokkeren DNA- op tendinitis, QT-
replicatie verlenging;
resistentie via
mutaties en efflux.
Sulfonamiden Trimethoprim- Remmen Breed spectrum Synergistische
sulfamethoxazol foliumzuursynthese werking;
(TMP-SMX) hematologische
toxiciteit; contra-
indicaties bij
zwangerschap.
Nitrofurantoïne Nitrofurantoïne Beschadigt Gram-negatief (E. Eerste keus bij
bacterieel DNA coli) ongecompliceerde
UWI; hoge
urineconcentraties;
niet geschikt bij
pyelonefritis.
Fosfomycine Fosfomycine Remt Breed spectrum Eenmalige dosis bij
celwandsynthese UWI; veilig tijdens
2
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