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WPC 480 CH 8 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

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WPC 480 CH 8 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Vertical Integration - Answers Firm's ownership of production need inputs or of channels by which it distributes outputs Diversification - Answers Variety of products/services/markets Corporate strategy - Answers Where to compete Business level strategy - Answers How to compete 3 Dimensions of Corporate Strategy - Answers Vertical integration, diversification, geographic scope Why firms need to grow - Answers 1. Increase profits/lower costs 2. Increase market power 3. Reduce risk 4. Motivate management Core competencies - Answers Unique strengths embedded within firm Economies of scale - Answers Average cost per unit decreases as output increases Economies of scope - Answers Producing 2 or more outputs cheaper than producing each individually Transaction costs - Answers costs associated with economic exchange Transaction cost economics - Answers Framework to predict boundaries of the firm External transaction costs - Answers Searching for firm to contract, negotiate, monitor and enforce the contract Internal transaction costs - Answers Economic exchange within hierarchy (admin costs) Advantages of producing within the firm - Answers 1. Command and control decisions 2. Coordination of complex tasks and division of labor 3. Take advantage of transaction specific investments 4. Community of knowledge Disadvantages to producing within the firm - Answers 1. Admin costs 2. Low powered incentives 3. Principal-agent problem (agent performing on behalf of principal pursues own interests Advantages of market production - Answers 1. High powered incentives 2. Increased flexibility Disadvantages of market production - Answers 1. Search costs 2. Opportunism (self-interest from other parties to take advantage of you) 3. Incomplete contracting 4. Enforcement of contracts 5. Information asymmetry (one party is more informed than another because of private info) Alternatives to make or buy - Answers 1. Short-term contracts 2. Strategic alliances 3. Parent Subsidiary Relationship Short term contracts - Answers Send request for proposals to companies to generate bidding war on job for less than 1 year Strategic alliances - Answers Sharing knowledge, resources and capabilities with intent of developing processes/products (long term contracts, licensing, franchising, Equity Alliance and Joint Venture) Long term contracts - Answers Greater than 1 year Licensing - Answers Enables firms to commercialize intellectual property Franchising - Answers Franchisee has right to use franchisor's trademark, business process and brand name Equity alliance - Answers At least one partner takes partial ownership in the other. Credible commitment - Answers Long term strategic decision that is difficult and costly to revers Joint venture - Answers Standalone organization jointly owned by 2 or more parent corporations Parent Subsidiary Relationship - Answers Parent corporation owns subsidiary and can direct via command/control Industry value chain - Answers Transformation of raw materials to finished goods 1. raw materials 2. Intermediate goods and components 3. Final assembly and manufacturing 4. Marketing and sales 5. After sales service/customer support Backwards vertical integration - Answers Moving ownership of activities upstream

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WPC 480 CHAPTER 11 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

Organizational structure - Answers specifies the firm's
formal reporting relationships, procedures,
controls, and authority and decision-making
processes.
Strategic controls - Answers are largely subjective criteria
intended to verify that the firm is using
appropriate strategies for the conditions in the
external environment and the company's
competitive advantages.
simple structure - Answers is a structure in which the
owner-manager makes all major decisions and
monitors all activities, while the staff serves as
an extension of the manager's supervisory
authority.
Organizational controls - Answers guide the use of
strategy, indicate how to compare actual results
with expected results, and suggest corrective
actions to take when the difference is
unacceptable.
Financial controls - Answers are largely objective criteria
used to measure the firm's performance against
previously established quantitative standards.
cooperative form - Answers is an M-form structure in
which horizontal integration is used to bring
about interdivisional cooperation.
multidivisional (M-form) structure - Answers consists of a corporate office and operating
divisions, each operating division representing a
separate business or profit center in which the
top corporate officer delegates responsibilities
for day-to-day operations and business-unit
strategy to division managers.
functional structure - Answers consists of a chief
executive officer and a limited corporate staff,
with functional line managers in dominant
organizational areas such as production,
accounting, marketing, R&D, engineering, and
human resources.
strategic business unit (SBU) form - Answers is an
M-form consisting of three levels: corporate
headquarters, strategic business units (SBUs),
and SBU divisions.
worldwide geographic area structure - Answers emphasizes national interests and facilitates the
firm's efforts to satisfy local differences.
competitive form - Answers is an M-form structure
characterized by complete independence
among the firm's divisions that compete for
corporate resources.
worldwide product divisional structure - Answers decision-making authority is centralized in the
worldwide division headquarters to coordinate
and integrate decisions and actions among
divisional business units.
combination structure - Answers is a structure
drawing characteristics and mechanisms from
both the worldwide geographic area structure
and the worldwide product divisional structure

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