Pharmacology (PN) Exam Questions With Complete
Solutions
Absorbents Correct Answers Think of:
Absorbs/binds to irritants and coat lining of colon lumen,
inhibits irritation; prevents stimulation of peristalsis, absorbs
toxic substances to be excreted
Examples:
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), Kaolin-pectin
Absorption (pharmacokinetics) Correct Answers Process by
which a drug passes into bloodstream (FIRST STEP, unless drug
is administered DIRECTLY into blood stream)
Think of:
Route of administration - Parenteral, Enteral, Rectal, Inhaled,
etc.
Mechanisms and factors - Passive diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, pH, blood flow, contact
time
Absorption rates Correct Answers Rapid + effective to slow
Parenteral (IV>IM>SC) > Rectal/Sublingual/Buccal > Oral >
Topical
ACE inhibitors Correct Answers Think of:
1st Choice, Blocks angiotensin I to angiotensin II, induce
vasodilation; decreases PVR, decreases BP
,Monitor for:
Hypotension, Orthostatic, hypotension, angioedema, dry cough,
hyperkalemia (<5.0)
Examples:
Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Correct Answers Also known as
sympathomimetic drugs, are medications that mimic the effects
of the sympathetic nervous system's neurotransmitters,
particularly norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline).
Consists of:
Alpha-adrenergics agonist, beta-adrenergics agonist
Adrenergic Blockers Correct Answers Inhibit or block the
effects of the sympathetic nervous system's neurotransmitters,
particularly norepinephrine and epinephrine
Consists of:
Alpha blockers, beta blockers
Agonist Correct Answers A molecule that, by binding to a
receptor site, stimulates a response
Allergic Reaction Correct Answers A response to a medication
that the body interprets as an allergen; occurs consistently when
given subsequent doses of medication
,Alpha 1 Blockers Correct Answers Drugs that block the alpha-1
receptors found in the smooth muscle in the bladder, neck, and
prostate, causing them to relax.
Example:
Doxazosin (down BP; BPH), Prazosin (down BP), (Tamsulosin
(BPH)
Alpha 1 receptors Correct Answers Receptors that cause
vasoconstriction of arterioles in skin, viscera, and in mucous
membranes.
Alpha 2 receptors Correct Answers Found on the surface of
nerve cells (neurons) in the CNS.
When activated, they generally inhibit the release of
norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters. Decreased SNS
activity and reduction of release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers Think
of:
Vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility (inotropic effect),
bronchodilation,
Examples:
Dopamine HCl, Epinephrine
Alpha-adrenergics agonist Correct Answers Medications that
activate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the body, leading to
specific physiological responses.
, Examples:
Methoxamine (A1-up BP), Phenylephrine (A1-Decongestant),
Clonidine (A2-down BP/ADHD), Norepinephrine (A1-up BP)
Aminoglycosides ("mycin/micin) Correct Answers Prevents
protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes - bactericidal; mainly
Gram-negative tx
Think of:
Ototoxicity/Nephrotoxicity (tinnitus, vertigo, INCREASED
creatinine/BUN); VERY toxic with vancomycin, EXPECT
muscle aches and cramps (unless neuromuscular disease
present), reserved for life-threatening infections
Examples:
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Streptomycin
Anaesthetics Correct Answers Medications used to induce a
state of reversible loss of sensation or consciousness.
Consists of:
Locally acting, general (systemic), neuromuscular blocking
agents
Anaphylaxis Reaction Correct Answers An acute systemic
reaction to an allergen leading to massive vasodilation, dyspnea,
and shock if not medically addressed.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Correct Answers Think
of:
Solutions
Absorbents Correct Answers Think of:
Absorbs/binds to irritants and coat lining of colon lumen,
inhibits irritation; prevents stimulation of peristalsis, absorbs
toxic substances to be excreted
Examples:
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), Kaolin-pectin
Absorption (pharmacokinetics) Correct Answers Process by
which a drug passes into bloodstream (FIRST STEP, unless drug
is administered DIRECTLY into blood stream)
Think of:
Route of administration - Parenteral, Enteral, Rectal, Inhaled,
etc.
Mechanisms and factors - Passive diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, pH, blood flow, contact
time
Absorption rates Correct Answers Rapid + effective to slow
Parenteral (IV>IM>SC) > Rectal/Sublingual/Buccal > Oral >
Topical
ACE inhibitors Correct Answers Think of:
1st Choice, Blocks angiotensin I to angiotensin II, induce
vasodilation; decreases PVR, decreases BP
,Monitor for:
Hypotension, Orthostatic, hypotension, angioedema, dry cough,
hyperkalemia (<5.0)
Examples:
Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Correct Answers Also known as
sympathomimetic drugs, are medications that mimic the effects
of the sympathetic nervous system's neurotransmitters,
particularly norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline).
Consists of:
Alpha-adrenergics agonist, beta-adrenergics agonist
Adrenergic Blockers Correct Answers Inhibit or block the
effects of the sympathetic nervous system's neurotransmitters,
particularly norepinephrine and epinephrine
Consists of:
Alpha blockers, beta blockers
Agonist Correct Answers A molecule that, by binding to a
receptor site, stimulates a response
Allergic Reaction Correct Answers A response to a medication
that the body interprets as an allergen; occurs consistently when
given subsequent doses of medication
,Alpha 1 Blockers Correct Answers Drugs that block the alpha-1
receptors found in the smooth muscle in the bladder, neck, and
prostate, causing them to relax.
Example:
Doxazosin (down BP; BPH), Prazosin (down BP), (Tamsulosin
(BPH)
Alpha 1 receptors Correct Answers Receptors that cause
vasoconstriction of arterioles in skin, viscera, and in mucous
membranes.
Alpha 2 receptors Correct Answers Found on the surface of
nerve cells (neurons) in the CNS.
When activated, they generally inhibit the release of
norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters. Decreased SNS
activity and reduction of release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers Think
of:
Vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility (inotropic effect),
bronchodilation,
Examples:
Dopamine HCl, Epinephrine
Alpha-adrenergics agonist Correct Answers Medications that
activate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the body, leading to
specific physiological responses.
, Examples:
Methoxamine (A1-up BP), Phenylephrine (A1-Decongestant),
Clonidine (A2-down BP/ADHD), Norepinephrine (A1-up BP)
Aminoglycosides ("mycin/micin) Correct Answers Prevents
protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes - bactericidal; mainly
Gram-negative tx
Think of:
Ototoxicity/Nephrotoxicity (tinnitus, vertigo, INCREASED
creatinine/BUN); VERY toxic with vancomycin, EXPECT
muscle aches and cramps (unless neuromuscular disease
present), reserved for life-threatening infections
Examples:
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Streptomycin
Anaesthetics Correct Answers Medications used to induce a
state of reversible loss of sensation or consciousness.
Consists of:
Locally acting, general (systemic), neuromuscular blocking
agents
Anaphylaxis Reaction Correct Answers An acute systemic
reaction to an allergen leading to massive vasodilation, dyspnea,
and shock if not medically addressed.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Correct Answers Think
of:
