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construct validity - ANSWERS--extent to which an instrument of test
measures an intended hypothetical concept or construct
content validity - ANSWERS--extent to which an instrument or test
measures an intended content area
continuous variable - ANSWERS--variable that takes on an infinite
number of different values presented on a continuum
criterion-related validity - ANSWERS--extent to which an instrument
or test measures a particular concept compared with a criterion
Cronbach's alpha (coefficient alpha) - ANSWERS--widely used index
of the extent to which a measuring instrument is internally stable
dichotomous variable - ANSWERS--a nominal variable that consists of
two categories with continuous variables taking on an infinite
number of different values presented on a continuum.
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interval level of measurement - ANSWERS--level of measurement
characterized by a constant unit of measurement or equal distances
between points on a scale
measurement - ANSWERS--the assignment of numerical values to
concepts, according to well-defined rules
nominal level of measurement - ANSWERS--lowest level of
measurement, which consists of assigning numbers as labels for
categories. These numbers have no numerical interpretation
operational definition - ANSWERS--a definition that assigns meaning
to a variable and the terms or procedures by which the variable is to
be measured
ordinal level of measurement - ANSWERS--level of measurement that
yields rank-ordered data
psychometric evaluation - ANSWERS--evaluating properties of
reliability and validity in relation to instruments being used to
measure a particular concept or construct
predictive validity - ANSWERS--ability to predict future events,
behaviors, or outcomes
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ratio level of measurement - ANSWERS--highest level of
measurement, characterized by equal distances between scores
having an absolute zero point
reliability - ANSWERS--values that refers to the consistency with
which an instrument or test measure a particular concept. Different
ways of assessing reliability include test-retest, internal consistency,
and interrater
test-retest reliability - ANSWERS--an approach to reliability
examining the extent to which scores are consistent over time
validity - ANSWERS--value that refers to the accuracy with which an
instrument or test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Different types of validity include content, criterion, and construct
instrument - ANSWERS--a device, piece of equipment, or paper-and-
pencil test that measures a concept or variable of interest
interview schedule - ANSWERS--list of topics or an open-ended
questionnaire administered to subjects by a skilled interviewer.
Sometimes referred to as an interview guide
Likert scale - ANSWERS--sometimes referred to as a summative scale.
Respondents are asked to respond to a series of statements that
reflect agreement or disagreement. Most Likert scales consist of five
scale points, designated by the words "strongly agree", "agree",
"undecided", "disagree", and "strongly disagree"
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open-ended questionnaire - ANSWERS--type of format in which
subjects are asked to provide specific answers
Q methodology - ANSWERS--sorting technique used to characterize
opinions, attitudes, or judgments of individuals through comparative
rank ordering
questionnaire - ANSWERS--a structured survey that is self-
administered or interviewer administered
response set bias - ANSWERS--the tendency for subjects to respond
to items on a questionnaire in a way that does not reflect the real
situation
semantic differential scale - ANSWERS--set of scales using pairs of
adjectives that reflect opposite feelings
scale - ANSWERS--a set of numerical values assigned to responses
that represent the degree to which respondents posses a particular
attitude, value, or characteristic
survey - ANSWERS--a method of collecting data to describe,
compare, or explain knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors
visual analogue scale - ANSWERS--type of scale that measures
subjective phenomena (e.g., pain, fatigue, shortness of breath,