COUN 506 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Concept of Nursing- Person/Individual. Answer: An open system
with numerous subsystems (respiratory, gastrointestinal,
neurological) that make up the whole person.
Unique + adaptable, influenced by genetics and the environment
Human needs (Maslow)
Homeostasis
◉ Human Needs Theory- Maslow's Theory. Answer: Human
behavior is motivated by intrinsic needs:
Physiological needs -> safety needs -> social needs -> esteem needs -
> self actualization
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Theory by Carl Rogers
A person's needs change as the person changes.
Explains why a person may be become anxious in a hospital setting
◉ A system is-. Answer: A set of interrelated parts that come
together to form a whole that performs a function
,◉ Components of systems. Answer: *Input*- the raw material that
enters a system and is transformed by it. Ex- students
*Throughput*- consists of the processes a system uses to convert
raw materials (input) into a form that can be used. Ex- clinicals
*Output*- the end result or product of the system. Ex- graduates
*Evaluation*- measuring the success or failure of the output and the
effectiveness of the system. Ex- NCLEX pass rates
*Feedback* the information given back into the system to determine
whether the purpose, or end result, of the system has been achieved.
◉ Synergy. Answer: Occurs when all various subsystems work
together to achieve a result that is not independently achievable.
◉ An open system promotes-. Answer: The exchange of matter,
energy, and information with other systems and the environment.
◉ A closed system-. Answer: Does not interact with other systems or
with the surrounding environment.
Matter, energy, and information do not flow into or out of a closed
system
◉ Key concepts about systems (picture). Answer:
,◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A dynamic balance achieved by effectively
functioning open systems
In humans, it is attained by coordinated responses of organ systems
that automatically compensate for environmental changes.
◉ Concept of Nursing- Environment. Answer: The suprasystem in
which a person lives in
Includes all the circumstances, influences, and conditions that
surround and affect individuals, families, and groups.
Includes cultural systems, social systems, and community systems
Can either promote or interfere with homeostasis and the well-being
of individuals
◉ Nurses potential impact on the environment/Supra-system:.
Answer: Ecological health
Healthy work environments
WHO training modules including mercury poisoning
Health Care Without Harm to reduce hazardous waste
Luminary project
◉ Different definitions of health. Answer: Smuts (1926)- holism
Parsons (1956)- health as optimum ability
Dunn (1961)- high-level wellness
, Pender et al (2006)- health promotion (approach behaviors) and
disease prevention (avoidance behaviors)
◉ How is considered the patient's family?. Answer: Whoever the
patient says is family *is* family.
(Do not necessarily involved "blood relatives")
◉ Nuclear family. Answer: Parents and their children
◉ Three aspects of social systems. Answer: *Social change*- death of
a loved one, divorce, job change
*Social support*- emotional, companionship, informational, and
material
*Poverty*- living with deprivation and the scarcity of necessities
(such as food and adequate housing). Diminished access to health
care
◉ Concept of Nursing- Health. Answer: A continuum
An individual's health status varies from day today depending on a
variety of factors, such as rest, nutrition, and stressors.
◉ Community Systems. Answer: The types and availability of jobs,
housing, schools, and healthcare, as well as overall economic well-
being.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Concept of Nursing- Person/Individual. Answer: An open system
with numerous subsystems (respiratory, gastrointestinal,
neurological) that make up the whole person.
Unique + adaptable, influenced by genetics and the environment
Human needs (Maslow)
Homeostasis
◉ Human Needs Theory- Maslow's Theory. Answer: Human
behavior is motivated by intrinsic needs:
Physiological needs -> safety needs -> social needs -> esteem needs -
> self actualization
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Theory by Carl Rogers
A person's needs change as the person changes.
Explains why a person may be become anxious in a hospital setting
◉ A system is-. Answer: A set of interrelated parts that come
together to form a whole that performs a function
,◉ Components of systems. Answer: *Input*- the raw material that
enters a system and is transformed by it. Ex- students
*Throughput*- consists of the processes a system uses to convert
raw materials (input) into a form that can be used. Ex- clinicals
*Output*- the end result or product of the system. Ex- graduates
*Evaluation*- measuring the success or failure of the output and the
effectiveness of the system. Ex- NCLEX pass rates
*Feedback* the information given back into the system to determine
whether the purpose, or end result, of the system has been achieved.
◉ Synergy. Answer: Occurs when all various subsystems work
together to achieve a result that is not independently achievable.
◉ An open system promotes-. Answer: The exchange of matter,
energy, and information with other systems and the environment.
◉ A closed system-. Answer: Does not interact with other systems or
with the surrounding environment.
Matter, energy, and information do not flow into or out of a closed
system
◉ Key concepts about systems (picture). Answer:
,◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A dynamic balance achieved by effectively
functioning open systems
In humans, it is attained by coordinated responses of organ systems
that automatically compensate for environmental changes.
◉ Concept of Nursing- Environment. Answer: The suprasystem in
which a person lives in
Includes all the circumstances, influences, and conditions that
surround and affect individuals, families, and groups.
Includes cultural systems, social systems, and community systems
Can either promote or interfere with homeostasis and the well-being
of individuals
◉ Nurses potential impact on the environment/Supra-system:.
Answer: Ecological health
Healthy work environments
WHO training modules including mercury poisoning
Health Care Without Harm to reduce hazardous waste
Luminary project
◉ Different definitions of health. Answer: Smuts (1926)- holism
Parsons (1956)- health as optimum ability
Dunn (1961)- high-level wellness
, Pender et al (2006)- health promotion (approach behaviors) and
disease prevention (avoidance behaviors)
◉ How is considered the patient's family?. Answer: Whoever the
patient says is family *is* family.
(Do not necessarily involved "blood relatives")
◉ Nuclear family. Answer: Parents and their children
◉ Three aspects of social systems. Answer: *Social change*- death of
a loved one, divorce, job change
*Social support*- emotional, companionship, informational, and
material
*Poverty*- living with deprivation and the scarcity of necessities
(such as food and adequate housing). Diminished access to health
care
◉ Concept of Nursing- Health. Answer: A continuum
An individual's health status varies from day today depending on a
variety of factors, such as rest, nutrition, and stressors.
◉ Community Systems. Answer: The types and availability of jobs,
housing, schools, and healthcare, as well as overall economic well-
being.
