Nurs 5315 UTA Exam 1 Questions and Answers
Question 1
Atrophy
Correct Answer
E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Question 2
Hypertrophy
Correct Answer
E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Page 1 of 27
,Question 3
Hyperplasia
Correct Answer
E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Question 4
Dysplasia
Correct Answer
E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Question 5
Metaplasia
Correct Answer
E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Page 2 of 27
, Question 6
Hypoxia injury
Correct Answer
E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Question 7
Free radical and ROS
Correct Answer
E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Question 8
Ethanol
Correct Answer
E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver,
hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
Page 3 of 27
Question 1
Atrophy
Correct Answer
E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Question 2
Hypertrophy
Correct Answer
E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Page 1 of 27
,Question 3
Hyperplasia
Correct Answer
E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Question 4
Dysplasia
Correct Answer
E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Question 5
Metaplasia
Correct Answer
E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Page 2 of 27
, Question 6
Hypoxia injury
Correct Answer
E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Question 7
Free radical and ROS
Correct Answer
E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Question 8
Ethanol
Correct Answer
E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver,
hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
Page 3 of 27
