CBIS UPDATED EXAMS COURSE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔*2 main areas of brain that are sites for neurogenesis - ✔✔subventricular zone
(SVZ) and dentate gyrus of hippocampus
✔✔*rehabilitation models: TBI v stroke - ✔✔Studies for neuroplasticy in TBI are more
focused on the hippocampus compared to the cortex in stoke research
✔✔mild TBI represents what percentage of TBI - ✔✔75%, 1.1 million (but thought
higher for those that don't get medical care)
✔✔To be diagnosed as mTBI must have: how many of the following 4 - ✔✔1 of the
following:
-any period of loss of consciousness (up to 30 min)
-any loss of memory of right before/after the incident
-alteration of mental state (feeling dazed/confused)
-focal neuro deficit (no exceeding loss of consciousness, GCS score 13-15, post-
traumatic amnesia)
-no seen on neuroimaging, diffuse axonal searing
✔✔concussion is - ✔✔mild tbi
✔✔most common form of damage to brain structure - ✔✔diffuse axonal injury
✔✔Athletes under the age of 24 - ✔✔Are at the greatest risk for second-impact
symdrome if allowed to return to play while still neurologically at risk
✔✔most symptoms of mTBI resolve within - ✔✔2-4 weeks, only 10-15% ppl have
problems after this
✔✔persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) - ✔✔15%
persistent mild cerebral dysfunction
✔✔3 categories of post-concussive symptoms - ✔✔physical/somatic, cognitive,
behavioral/emotional
✔✔a rapid progressive headache immediately following a head injury ... - ✔✔may be
indicative of more significant injury process
✔✔acute manifestations of TBI (4) - ✔✔Frontal release-disinhibition and lability
Faitgue
Changes in vision
Headaches
, ✔✔Frequent medical complications-Cardiopulmonary: mia + % occurence, what caused
by, symptoms (7), what is critical to maintain - ✔✔dysautonomia-15-33% occurrence in
severe TBI patients.
"storming"
Caused by an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system(medulla oblongata and
brainstem), which regulates RR and HR.
Symptoms include dystonia, agitation, tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia,
hypertension, tachypnea.
Maintaining BP is critical after brain injury to ensure proper cerebral blood flow.
✔✔Frequent medical complications: vascular: medical complication that occurs in what
% due to - ✔✔Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in as many as 54% of persons with
TBI due to immobility and/or paralysis.
✔✔Musculoskeletal complications of TBI: 4 ortho, 1 other, what is common -
✔✔Fractures, dislocations, and spinal and peripheral nerve injuries.
Neurologically based-changes in reflexes, sensory integration, range of motion, muscle
tone, strength, endurance, postural control and alignment, dystonia, and soft tissue
integrity.
Common: Spasticity, hyperreflexia, contractures.
✔✔Complications-bowel and bladder: common disease can be related to 2 things, %
occurence - ✔✔UTIs, urinary or fecal incontinence, bladder-filling issues, inability to
empty the bladder, increased urgency and frequency of urination, constipation.
Can be caused by neurological changes and/or dietary changes.
UTIs occur in up to 60% of the BI population within the first 6 weeks.
✔✔Complications of the GI system: 2 brain structures, what is also impacted -
✔✔Involves regulation from the hypothalamus and parasympathetic nervous system.
Feeding is also impacted by arousal level, dysphagia, reflux, and medications.
*In the acute phase following a head injury, a person will require 40% more calories
than before the injury.
✔✔Complications of the Metabolic and Endocrine systems: impacts 2 things, 2 common
issures - ✔✔BI impacts metabolism and hormone production.
Two common issues: metabolic syndrome and hypopituitarism.
Growth hormone function can also occur.
Acute phase of TBI recovery-diabetes can occur from too little vasopressin which
causes increased urine production.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome: 4 - ✔✔central obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and
dyslipidemia.
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔*2 main areas of brain that are sites for neurogenesis - ✔✔subventricular zone
(SVZ) and dentate gyrus of hippocampus
✔✔*rehabilitation models: TBI v stroke - ✔✔Studies for neuroplasticy in TBI are more
focused on the hippocampus compared to the cortex in stoke research
✔✔mild TBI represents what percentage of TBI - ✔✔75%, 1.1 million (but thought
higher for those that don't get medical care)
✔✔To be diagnosed as mTBI must have: how many of the following 4 - ✔✔1 of the
following:
-any period of loss of consciousness (up to 30 min)
-any loss of memory of right before/after the incident
-alteration of mental state (feeling dazed/confused)
-focal neuro deficit (no exceeding loss of consciousness, GCS score 13-15, post-
traumatic amnesia)
-no seen on neuroimaging, diffuse axonal searing
✔✔concussion is - ✔✔mild tbi
✔✔most common form of damage to brain structure - ✔✔diffuse axonal injury
✔✔Athletes under the age of 24 - ✔✔Are at the greatest risk for second-impact
symdrome if allowed to return to play while still neurologically at risk
✔✔most symptoms of mTBI resolve within - ✔✔2-4 weeks, only 10-15% ppl have
problems after this
✔✔persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) - ✔✔15%
persistent mild cerebral dysfunction
✔✔3 categories of post-concussive symptoms - ✔✔physical/somatic, cognitive,
behavioral/emotional
✔✔a rapid progressive headache immediately following a head injury ... - ✔✔may be
indicative of more significant injury process
✔✔acute manifestations of TBI (4) - ✔✔Frontal release-disinhibition and lability
Faitgue
Changes in vision
Headaches
, ✔✔Frequent medical complications-Cardiopulmonary: mia + % occurence, what caused
by, symptoms (7), what is critical to maintain - ✔✔dysautonomia-15-33% occurrence in
severe TBI patients.
"storming"
Caused by an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system(medulla oblongata and
brainstem), which regulates RR and HR.
Symptoms include dystonia, agitation, tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia,
hypertension, tachypnea.
Maintaining BP is critical after brain injury to ensure proper cerebral blood flow.
✔✔Frequent medical complications: vascular: medical complication that occurs in what
% due to - ✔✔Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in as many as 54% of persons with
TBI due to immobility and/or paralysis.
✔✔Musculoskeletal complications of TBI: 4 ortho, 1 other, what is common -
✔✔Fractures, dislocations, and spinal and peripheral nerve injuries.
Neurologically based-changes in reflexes, sensory integration, range of motion, muscle
tone, strength, endurance, postural control and alignment, dystonia, and soft tissue
integrity.
Common: Spasticity, hyperreflexia, contractures.
✔✔Complications-bowel and bladder: common disease can be related to 2 things, %
occurence - ✔✔UTIs, urinary or fecal incontinence, bladder-filling issues, inability to
empty the bladder, increased urgency and frequency of urination, constipation.
Can be caused by neurological changes and/or dietary changes.
UTIs occur in up to 60% of the BI population within the first 6 weeks.
✔✔Complications of the GI system: 2 brain structures, what is also impacted -
✔✔Involves regulation from the hypothalamus and parasympathetic nervous system.
Feeding is also impacted by arousal level, dysphagia, reflux, and medications.
*In the acute phase following a head injury, a person will require 40% more calories
than before the injury.
✔✔Complications of the Metabolic and Endocrine systems: impacts 2 things, 2 common
issures - ✔✔BI impacts metabolism and hormone production.
Two common issues: metabolic syndrome and hypopituitarism.
Growth hormone function can also occur.
Acute phase of TBI recovery-diabetes can occur from too little vasopressin which
causes increased urine production.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome: 4 - ✔✔central obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and
dyslipidemia.
