UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May/June 2024
STA4814
Multivariate techniques
100 Marks
Duration: 4 Hours
EXAMINERS:
FIRST: Prof JO Olaomi
SECOND: Dr BJ Kanyama
EXTERNAL: Dr JC Malela
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
This paper consists of 5 pages.
Closed book Examination
INSTRUCTIONS
1. The data files are attached on the examination website.
2. You should just copy the relevant table(s) from the SPSS output to justify your answer(s) into your exami-
nation script. Do not include the complete output file.
3. Note: You can double-click a particular table or chart in SPSS viewer and then copy it.
[TURN OVER]
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, 2 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
ADDITIONAL STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS
1. Students must upload their answer scripts in a single PDF file on the official myExams platform (answer
scripts must not be password protected or uploaded as "read-only" files). The university only marks one
submission received from a student. Priority is granted to scripts received via the myExams platform.
2. NO e-mailed scripts will be accepted.
3. Students are advised to preview submissions (answer scripts) to ensure legibility and also to ensure that the
correct answer script file has been uploaded.
4. Students are permitted to resubmit their answer scripts, but only within the stipulated submission duration,
should they regard the initial submission to be unsatisfactory. Resubmissions after the closing time of the
examination are not permitted.
5. Uncollated answer scripts and scripts with an incorrect file format will not be considered.
6. Wrong answer scripts that are uploaded, that is, any file other than the exam answer script (eg uploading
the exam question paper instead of the exam answer script) will not be marked and no opportunity will be
granted for resubmission.
7. A mark awarded for an incomplete submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity for resub-
mission will be granted.
8. A mark awarded for an illegible scanned submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity for
resubmission will be granted.
9. Only the last answer file uploaded within the stipulated submission duration period will be marked.
10. Submissions will only be accepted from registered student accounts.
11. Students who have not utilised invigilation or proctoring tools will be deemed to have transgressed Unisa’s
examination rules and will have their marks withheld. For examinations which use the IRIS invigilation
system, IRIS must be recording throughout the duration of the examination until the submission of the
examination script.
12. Students must complete the online declaration of their work when submitting their examination script. Stu-
dents suspected of dishonest conduct during the examinations will be subjected to disciplinary processes.
Students may not communicate with any other person or request assistance from any other person during
their examinations. The use of Telegram, WhatsApp or any other instant messaging services with any other
person (except when asking for technical assistance via official channels of the SCSC or the Invigilator
WhatsApp line) are strictly prohibited. Plagiarism is a violation of academic integrity and students who
plagiarise, copy from published work or use Artificial Intelligence Software (eg ChatGPT) or online sources
(eg course material) will be in violation of the Policy on Academic Integrity and the Student Disciplinary
Code and may be referred to a disciplinary hearing. Unisa has a zero tolerance for plagiarism and/or any
other forms of academic dishonesty.
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
, 3 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
13. Listening to audio (music) and making use of audio-to-text software is strictly prohibited during your exam-
ination session unless such usage of the software is related to a student’s assistive device which has been so
declared. Failure to do so will be a transgression of Unisa’s examination rules and the student’s marks will
be withheld.
14. Students are provided 30 minutes to submit their answer scripts after the official examination time. Students
who experience technical challenges should report the challenges immediately to the SCSC telephonically
on 080 000 1870 and choose option 4 for exams, or their College exam support centres (refer to the Get help
during the examinations by contacting the Student Communication Service Centre [unisa.ac.za]) within 30
minutes. Queries received after 30 minutes of the official examination duration time will not be responded
to. Submissions made after the official examination time will be rejected according to the examination regu-
lations and will not be marked. Only communication received from your myLife account will be considered.
15. Non-adherence to the processes for uploading examination responses will not qualify the student for any
special concessions or future assessments.
16. Queries that are beyond Unisa’s control include the following:
a. Personal network or service provider issues
b. Load shedding/limited space on personal computer
c. Crashed computer
d. Non-functioning cameras or web cameras
e. Using work computers that block access to the myExams site (employer firewall challenges)
f. Unlicensed software (eg license expires during exams)
Postgraduate students experiencing the above challenges are advised to apply for an aegrotat and submit
supporting evidence within ten days of the examination session. Students will not be able to apply for an
aegrotat for a third examination opportunity.
Postgraduate/undergraduate students experiencing the above challenges in their second examination oppor-
tunity will have to reregister for the affected module.
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
, 4 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
Question 1 [35 Marks]
The "workprog.sav" is a hypothetical data file that concerns a government works program that tries to place disad-
vantaged people into better jobs. A sample of potential program participants were followed, some of whom were
randomly selected for enrollment in the program, while others were not. Each case represents a separate program
participant. The data files are attached on the examination website.
(a) Perform a main effect only multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the Income before the pro-
gram and Income after the program as dependent variables, and program status and level of education as
independent variables (include the Homogeneity test). Copy the output into your answer script. (10 marks)
(b) Based on the homogeneity of covariance matrices test result, if necessary, do the square root transformation
of the appropriate variable(s) and repeat the analysis as in (a) with a Post Hoc Test (using "Tukey’s b") on
level of education for both income before and after the program. (5+5+5 marks)
(c) Explain what you observed in the result of section (b) based on the transformation performed. (3 marks)
(d) Interpret the results of the analysis in section (b) above. (7 marks)
The "anorectic.sav" contains data generated while working toward a standardized symptomatology of anorec-
tic/bulimic behavior. Researchers (Van der Ham, T., J. J. Meulman, D. C. Van Strien, and H. Van Engeland.
1997) made a study of 55 adolescents with known eating disorders. Each patient was seen four times over four
years, for a total of 220 observations. At each observation, the patients were scored for each of 16 symptoms.
Symptom scores are missing for patient 71 at time 2, patient 76 at time 2, and patient 47 at time 3, leaving 217
valid observations. Use the data to answer Questions 2 to 4.
Question 2 [23 Marks]
(a) Perform the factor analysis on the 16 symptoms, using the principal component analysis for extraction and
the varimax method for rotation. (Include the scree plot, sort the factors by size and use items with factor
loadings greater than 0.5). Copy the output into your answer script. (10 marks)
(b) Interpret your results in (a). (5 marks)
(c) Justify whether the factor analysis model is appropriate for this data. (5 marks)
(d) Explain the essence of the rotated factor solution. (3 marks)
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
May/June 2024
STA4814
Multivariate techniques
100 Marks
Duration: 4 Hours
EXAMINERS:
FIRST: Prof JO Olaomi
SECOND: Dr BJ Kanyama
EXTERNAL: Dr JC Malela
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
This paper consists of 5 pages.
Closed book Examination
INSTRUCTIONS
1. The data files are attached on the examination website.
2. You should just copy the relevant table(s) from the SPSS output to justify your answer(s) into your exami-
nation script. Do not include the complete output file.
3. Note: You can double-click a particular table or chart in SPSS viewer and then copy it.
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
, 2 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
ADDITIONAL STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS
1. Students must upload their answer scripts in a single PDF file on the official myExams platform (answer
scripts must not be password protected or uploaded as "read-only" files). The university only marks one
submission received from a student. Priority is granted to scripts received via the myExams platform.
2. NO e-mailed scripts will be accepted.
3. Students are advised to preview submissions (answer scripts) to ensure legibility and also to ensure that the
correct answer script file has been uploaded.
4. Students are permitted to resubmit their answer scripts, but only within the stipulated submission duration,
should they regard the initial submission to be unsatisfactory. Resubmissions after the closing time of the
examination are not permitted.
5. Uncollated answer scripts and scripts with an incorrect file format will not be considered.
6. Wrong answer scripts that are uploaded, that is, any file other than the exam answer script (eg uploading
the exam question paper instead of the exam answer script) will not be marked and no opportunity will be
granted for resubmission.
7. A mark awarded for an incomplete submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity for resub-
mission will be granted.
8. A mark awarded for an illegible scanned submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity for
resubmission will be granted.
9. Only the last answer file uploaded within the stipulated submission duration period will be marked.
10. Submissions will only be accepted from registered student accounts.
11. Students who have not utilised invigilation or proctoring tools will be deemed to have transgressed Unisa’s
examination rules and will have their marks withheld. For examinations which use the IRIS invigilation
system, IRIS must be recording throughout the duration of the examination until the submission of the
examination script.
12. Students must complete the online declaration of their work when submitting their examination script. Stu-
dents suspected of dishonest conduct during the examinations will be subjected to disciplinary processes.
Students may not communicate with any other person or request assistance from any other person during
their examinations. The use of Telegram, WhatsApp or any other instant messaging services with any other
person (except when asking for technical assistance via official channels of the SCSC or the Invigilator
WhatsApp line) are strictly prohibited. Plagiarism is a violation of academic integrity and students who
plagiarise, copy from published work or use Artificial Intelligence Software (eg ChatGPT) or online sources
(eg course material) will be in violation of the Policy on Academic Integrity and the Student Disciplinary
Code and may be referred to a disciplinary hearing. Unisa has a zero tolerance for plagiarism and/or any
other forms of academic dishonesty.
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
, 3 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
13. Listening to audio (music) and making use of audio-to-text software is strictly prohibited during your exam-
ination session unless such usage of the software is related to a student’s assistive device which has been so
declared. Failure to do so will be a transgression of Unisa’s examination rules and the student’s marks will
be withheld.
14. Students are provided 30 minutes to submit their answer scripts after the official examination time. Students
who experience technical challenges should report the challenges immediately to the SCSC telephonically
on 080 000 1870 and choose option 4 for exams, or their College exam support centres (refer to the Get help
during the examinations by contacting the Student Communication Service Centre [unisa.ac.za]) within 30
minutes. Queries received after 30 minutes of the official examination duration time will not be responded
to. Submissions made after the official examination time will be rejected according to the examination regu-
lations and will not be marked. Only communication received from your myLife account will be considered.
15. Non-adherence to the processes for uploading examination responses will not qualify the student for any
special concessions or future assessments.
16. Queries that are beyond Unisa’s control include the following:
a. Personal network or service provider issues
b. Load shedding/limited space on personal computer
c. Crashed computer
d. Non-functioning cameras or web cameras
e. Using work computers that block access to the myExams site (employer firewall challenges)
f. Unlicensed software (eg license expires during exams)
Postgraduate students experiencing the above challenges are advised to apply for an aegrotat and submit
supporting evidence within ten days of the examination session. Students will not be able to apply for an
aegrotat for a third examination opportunity.
Postgraduate/undergraduate students experiencing the above challenges in their second examination oppor-
tunity will have to reregister for the affected module.
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
, 4 STA4814
MAY/JUNE 2024
Question 1 [35 Marks]
The "workprog.sav" is a hypothetical data file that concerns a government works program that tries to place disad-
vantaged people into better jobs. A sample of potential program participants were followed, some of whom were
randomly selected for enrollment in the program, while others were not. Each case represents a separate program
participant. The data files are attached on the examination website.
(a) Perform a main effect only multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the Income before the pro-
gram and Income after the program as dependent variables, and program status and level of education as
independent variables (include the Homogeneity test). Copy the output into your answer script. (10 marks)
(b) Based on the homogeneity of covariance matrices test result, if necessary, do the square root transformation
of the appropriate variable(s) and repeat the analysis as in (a) with a Post Hoc Test (using "Tukey’s b") on
level of education for both income before and after the program. (5+5+5 marks)
(c) Explain what you observed in the result of section (b) based on the transformation performed. (3 marks)
(d) Interpret the results of the analysis in section (b) above. (7 marks)
The "anorectic.sav" contains data generated while working toward a standardized symptomatology of anorec-
tic/bulimic behavior. Researchers (Van der Ham, T., J. J. Meulman, D. C. Van Strien, and H. Van Engeland.
1997) made a study of 55 adolescents with known eating disorders. Each patient was seen four times over four
years, for a total of 220 observations. At each observation, the patients were scored for each of 16 symptoms.
Symptom scores are missing for patient 71 at time 2, patient 76 at time 2, and patient 47 at time 3, leaving 217
valid observations. Use the data to answer Questions 2 to 4.
Question 2 [23 Marks]
(a) Perform the factor analysis on the 16 symptoms, using the principal component analysis for extraction and
the varimax method for rotation. (Include the scree plot, sort the factors by size and use items with factor
loadings greater than 0.5). Copy the output into your answer script. (10 marks)
(b) Interpret your results in (a). (5 marks)
(c) Justify whether the factor analysis model is appropriate for this data. (5 marks)
(d) Explain the essence of the rotated factor solution. (3 marks)
[TURN OVER]
This study source was downloaded by 100000901633086 from CourseHero.com on 01-30-2026 00:49:19 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/253607541/STA4814-MAY-JUNE-2024-Epdf/
