Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein
1. Question: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
¥ A) Promote wound healing
¥ B) Provide energy
¥ C) Build muscle mass
¥ D) Maintain fluid balance
¥ Answer: B) Provide energy
¥ Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source, providing 4
calories per gram.
2. Question: Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?
¥ A) Peanut butter
¥ B) Lentils
¥ C) Eggs
¥ D) Brown rice
¥ Answer: C) Eggs
¥ Rationale: Complete proteins, like those found in eggs, contain all essential
amino acids.
3. Question: A patient asks why fat is necessary in the diet. Which of the following is
the most appropriate response?
¥ A) "Fat provides essential vitamins."
¥ B) "Fat helps to build muscle."
¥ C) "Fat prevents you from feeling hungry."
¥ D) "Fat increases your calcium absorption."
¥ Answer: A) "Fat provides essential vitamins."
¥ Rationale: Fat is necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E,
and K.
4. Question: A nurse is educating a client on reducing fat intake. Which statement
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
¥ A) "I will reduce my intake of olive oil."
¥ B) "I should avoid fish."
¥ C) "I will choose lean meats."
¥ D) "I should cut out all fats from my diet."
¥ Answer: C) "I will choose lean meats."
¥ Rationale: Lean meats contain less saturated fat, reducing overall fat intake.
5. Question: Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
, ¥ A) Carbohydrates
¥ B) Protein
¥ C) Fat
¥ D) Alcohol
¥ Answer: C) Fat
¥ Rationale: Fat provides 9 calories per gram, more than carbohydrates and
proteins.
Vitamins and Minerals
6. Question: A patient is at risk for bleeding due to a deficiency in which of the
following vitamins?
¥ A) Vitamin A
¥ B) Vitamin B12
¥ C) Vitamin K
¥ D) Vitamin D
¥ Answer: C) Vitamin K
¥ Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.
7. Question: Which of the following foods is a good source of Vitamin C?
¥ A) Spinach
¥ B) Oranges
¥ C) Chicken
¥ D) Cheese
¥ Answer: B) Oranges
¥ Rationale: Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits like oranges.
8. Question: A patient with osteoporosis is likely to be deficient in which nutrient?
¥ A) Phosphorus
¥ B) Vitamin C
¥ C) Calcium
¥ D) Vitamin A
¥ Answer: C) Calcium
¥ Rationale: Calcium deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis.
9. Question: Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
¥ A) Vitamin B12
¥ B) Vitamin C
¥ C) Vitamin E
¥ D) Vitamin B6
, ¥ Answer: C) Vitamin E
¥ Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
10. Question: A client with iron deficiency anemia should be encouraged to consume
which of the following?
¥ A) Citrus fruits
¥ B) Spinach and red meat
¥ C) Milk and dairy products
¥ D) Whole grains
¥ Answer: B) Spinach and red meat
¥ Rationale: Iron is found in leafy greens and red meat, helping with the
production of hemoglobin.
Energy Balance
11. Question: A patient is consuming a diet with an excess of calories. Which condition
is this patient most at risk for developing?
¥ A) Hypoglycemia
¥ B) Hypertension
¥ C) Hyperglycemia
¥ D) Obesity
¥ Answer: D) Obesity
¥ Rationale: Excessive calorie intake leads to weight gain, which can result in
obesity.
12. Question: How many calories are provided by 10 grams of protein?
¥ A) 20 calories
¥ B) 30 calories
¥ C) 40 calories
¥ D) 90 calories
¥ Answer: C) 40 calories
¥ Rationale: Protein provides 4 calories per gram. 10 grams of protein = 40
calories.
13. Question: Which macronutrient is most important for tissue repair and wound
healing?
¥ A) Carbohydrates
¥ B) Fats
¥ C) Proteins
¥ D) Vitamins
1. Question: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
¥ A) Promote wound healing
¥ B) Provide energy
¥ C) Build muscle mass
¥ D) Maintain fluid balance
¥ Answer: B) Provide energy
¥ Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source, providing 4
calories per gram.
2. Question: Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?
¥ A) Peanut butter
¥ B) Lentils
¥ C) Eggs
¥ D) Brown rice
¥ Answer: C) Eggs
¥ Rationale: Complete proteins, like those found in eggs, contain all essential
amino acids.
3. Question: A patient asks why fat is necessary in the diet. Which of the following is
the most appropriate response?
¥ A) "Fat provides essential vitamins."
¥ B) "Fat helps to build muscle."
¥ C) "Fat prevents you from feeling hungry."
¥ D) "Fat increases your calcium absorption."
¥ Answer: A) "Fat provides essential vitamins."
¥ Rationale: Fat is necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E,
and K.
4. Question: A nurse is educating a client on reducing fat intake. Which statement
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
¥ A) "I will reduce my intake of olive oil."
¥ B) "I should avoid fish."
¥ C) "I will choose lean meats."
¥ D) "I should cut out all fats from my diet."
¥ Answer: C) "I will choose lean meats."
¥ Rationale: Lean meats contain less saturated fat, reducing overall fat intake.
5. Question: Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
, ¥ A) Carbohydrates
¥ B) Protein
¥ C) Fat
¥ D) Alcohol
¥ Answer: C) Fat
¥ Rationale: Fat provides 9 calories per gram, more than carbohydrates and
proteins.
Vitamins and Minerals
6. Question: A patient is at risk for bleeding due to a deficiency in which of the
following vitamins?
¥ A) Vitamin A
¥ B) Vitamin B12
¥ C) Vitamin K
¥ D) Vitamin D
¥ Answer: C) Vitamin K
¥ Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.
7. Question: Which of the following foods is a good source of Vitamin C?
¥ A) Spinach
¥ B) Oranges
¥ C) Chicken
¥ D) Cheese
¥ Answer: B) Oranges
¥ Rationale: Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits like oranges.
8. Question: A patient with osteoporosis is likely to be deficient in which nutrient?
¥ A) Phosphorus
¥ B) Vitamin C
¥ C) Calcium
¥ D) Vitamin A
¥ Answer: C) Calcium
¥ Rationale: Calcium deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis.
9. Question: Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
¥ A) Vitamin B12
¥ B) Vitamin C
¥ C) Vitamin E
¥ D) Vitamin B6
, ¥ Answer: C) Vitamin E
¥ Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
10. Question: A client with iron deficiency anemia should be encouraged to consume
which of the following?
¥ A) Citrus fruits
¥ B) Spinach and red meat
¥ C) Milk and dairy products
¥ D) Whole grains
¥ Answer: B) Spinach and red meat
¥ Rationale: Iron is found in leafy greens and red meat, helping with the
production of hemoglobin.
Energy Balance
11. Question: A patient is consuming a diet with an excess of calories. Which condition
is this patient most at risk for developing?
¥ A) Hypoglycemia
¥ B) Hypertension
¥ C) Hyperglycemia
¥ D) Obesity
¥ Answer: D) Obesity
¥ Rationale: Excessive calorie intake leads to weight gain, which can result in
obesity.
12. Question: How many calories are provided by 10 grams of protein?
¥ A) 20 calories
¥ B) 30 calories
¥ C) 40 calories
¥ D) 90 calories
¥ Answer: C) 40 calories
¥ Rationale: Protein provides 4 calories per gram. 10 grams of protein = 40
calories.
13. Question: Which macronutrient is most important for tissue repair and wound
healing?
¥ A) Carbohydrates
¥ B) Fats
¥ C) Proteins
¥ D) Vitamins
