NSG 312 MED-SURG 2 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is a hemmorhagic stroke? - Answers bleeding into the brain tissue, ventricles and subarachnoid
space by spontaneous rupture of small vessels
Wha are signs and symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers SEVERE HEADACHE, early and
sudden changes in LOC, vomiting, similar to ischemic
What causes a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers ruptured artery or aneurysm, leads to increased ICP
What are the early signs of deterioration with a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Cushings triad, these 3
signs often indicate an increased ICP. Deterioration can be seen on a CT scan.
What is Cushing's triad? - Answers Increased systolic BP, bradycardia (decreased pulse), irregular
respirations (cheyne-stokes-pattern of gradually increasing then decreasing breaths followed by a
pause in breathing)
What happens to a patient when they deteriorate after a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Rebleeding,
increased ICP, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, and hematoma expansion
What is a patient goal following a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Regaining independence, improving
communication, maximizing physical function, preventing future strokes, managing emotional and
cognitive changes, and enhancing the quality of life
What is the primary assessment with a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Airway, breathing, circulation
and then an immediate focus on LOC
What is the treatment of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers - most common cause is HTN so control
that!!
- supportive care and O2
What are complications of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Vasospasm, ICP, seizures, extension of
bleed
What is the long term treatment of stroke? - Answers Mobility, self care, sensory care, continence,
communication, home care, prevention of complications (aspiration, contractures, skin)
What is an ischemic stroke? - Answers a stroke caused by a blockage
What are risk factors of an ischemic stroke? - Answers >55, male, African American, HTN, CAD,
hyperlipidemia, obesity, DM, alcohol/smoking, drug abuse
What are common signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke? - Answers hemiparesis (weakness on
the side of a body), hemiplegia (paralysis on the side of a body), aphasia (ability to speak), dysarthria
(motor speech disorder), hemianopia (loss of vision in one eye or both)
Acute treatment of an ischemic stroke consists of? - Answers CT scan for diagnosis, stroke team will
assess, thrombolytic therapy (t-PA), and endovascular therapy
What is t-PA? - Answers Tissue plasminogen activator which activates plasma. This is a clot dissolving
medication, it converts plasminogen into plasmin which breaks down fibrin in the clot.
What is endovascular therapy? - Answers A way of managing ischemic stroke
>Catheter used to guide the small stent into affected artery in brain >Stent expands interior walls of
artery and allows blood to flow to brain >Clot seeps into mesh of stent>Stent and clot removed
together
How do you prevent an ischemic stroke? - Answers Anticoagulant therapy, carotid endarterectomy
(surgical procedure that removes plaque from the carotid), statins, anti hypertensives, anti-platelet
therapy
What is spinal shock? - Answers A sudden depression of reflex activity below the level of spinal injury
-flaccidity, no reflexes, no sensation
Right after a spinal cord injury, all reflexes below the level of injury suddenly stop the limbs become
completely limp and unresponsive such as a patient with a T6 spinal cord injury, their legs become
flaccid, limp, no reflexes no sensation, after days to weeks reflexes gradually return often being
exaggerated. This is what? - Answers Spinal shock
What causes spinal shock? - Answers Spinal cord suddenly loses input from the brain after an acute
injury
What is neurogenic shock? - Answers Sudden loss of function of the autonomic nervous system,
usually T6 or above
What does the autonomic nervous system control? - Answers involuntary responses such as heart
rate, BP, breathing rate, digestion, temperature, pupil size, urination and bowel function, sexual
function
What is a hemmorhagic stroke? - Answers bleeding into the brain tissue, ventricles and subarachnoid
space by spontaneous rupture of small vessels
Wha are signs and symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers SEVERE HEADACHE, early and
sudden changes in LOC, vomiting, similar to ischemic
What causes a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers ruptured artery or aneurysm, leads to increased ICP
What are the early signs of deterioration with a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Cushings triad, these 3
signs often indicate an increased ICP. Deterioration can be seen on a CT scan.
What is Cushing's triad? - Answers Increased systolic BP, bradycardia (decreased pulse), irregular
respirations (cheyne-stokes-pattern of gradually increasing then decreasing breaths followed by a
pause in breathing)
What happens to a patient when they deteriorate after a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Rebleeding,
increased ICP, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, and hematoma expansion
What is a patient goal following a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Regaining independence, improving
communication, maximizing physical function, preventing future strokes, managing emotional and
cognitive changes, and enhancing the quality of life
What is the primary assessment with a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Airway, breathing, circulation
and then an immediate focus on LOC
What is the treatment of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers - most common cause is HTN so control
that!!
- supportive care and O2
What are complications of a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answers Vasospasm, ICP, seizures, extension of
bleed
What is the long term treatment of stroke? - Answers Mobility, self care, sensory care, continence,
communication, home care, prevention of complications (aspiration, contractures, skin)
What is an ischemic stroke? - Answers a stroke caused by a blockage
What are risk factors of an ischemic stroke? - Answers >55, male, African American, HTN, CAD,
hyperlipidemia, obesity, DM, alcohol/smoking, drug abuse
What are common signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke? - Answers hemiparesis (weakness on
the side of a body), hemiplegia (paralysis on the side of a body), aphasia (ability to speak), dysarthria
(motor speech disorder), hemianopia (loss of vision in one eye or both)
Acute treatment of an ischemic stroke consists of? - Answers CT scan for diagnosis, stroke team will
assess, thrombolytic therapy (t-PA), and endovascular therapy
What is t-PA? - Answers Tissue plasminogen activator which activates plasma. This is a clot dissolving
medication, it converts plasminogen into plasmin which breaks down fibrin in the clot.
What is endovascular therapy? - Answers A way of managing ischemic stroke
>Catheter used to guide the small stent into affected artery in brain >Stent expands interior walls of
artery and allows blood to flow to brain >Clot seeps into mesh of stent>Stent and clot removed
together
How do you prevent an ischemic stroke? - Answers Anticoagulant therapy, carotid endarterectomy
(surgical procedure that removes plaque from the carotid), statins, anti hypertensives, anti-platelet
therapy
What is spinal shock? - Answers A sudden depression of reflex activity below the level of spinal injury
-flaccidity, no reflexes, no sensation
Right after a spinal cord injury, all reflexes below the level of injury suddenly stop the limbs become
completely limp and unresponsive such as a patient with a T6 spinal cord injury, their legs become
flaccid, limp, no reflexes no sensation, after days to weeks reflexes gradually return often being
exaggerated. This is what? - Answers Spinal shock
What causes spinal shock? - Answers Spinal cord suddenly loses input from the brain after an acute
injury
What is neurogenic shock? - Answers Sudden loss of function of the autonomic nervous system,
usually T6 or above
What does the autonomic nervous system control? - Answers involuntary responses such as heart
rate, BP, breathing rate, digestion, temperature, pupil size, urination and bowel function, sexual
function
