NSG 312 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
which layer is outermost layer of skin? (epidermis/dermis/subQ tissue) - Answers epidermis
epidermis is (vascular/nonvascular) - Answers nonvascular
dermis is _____-____x thicker than epidermis - Answers 30; 45
dermis contains: - Answers hair follicles
nerve endings
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
dermis contains _____ (with/without) blood vessels - Answers CT; with
subcut tissue contains: - Answers major vascular networks
fat
nerves
lymphatics
this layer of skin acts as a heat insulator for underlying organs: - Answers subcut
epidermis layer functions: - Answers PROTECTIVE BARRIER TO SKIN
hold in fluid
regulate temp
keep out harmful agents
burns are injury to ______ and viewed as (nonpreventable/preventable) - Answers tissue; preventable
burns are classified by: - Answers etiology
depth
TBSA
severity
is injury to epidermis painful? - Answers yes
is injury to dermis painful? - Answers yes
is injury to subcut tissue painful? - Answers no
is a water heater set to 120 normal or bad? - Answers normal
is water heater set to 140 normal or bad? - Answers bad
which types of burn etiologies are most common? - Answers thermal
burn etiologys: - Answers thermal
chemical
radiation
electrical
tis type of burn has an entry and exit point: - Answers electrical
if have electrical burn, worried about.... - Answers cardio and neuro
when have an electrical burn, ____ is sometimes a secondary injury - Answers fall
most common etiology of burns for child < 4yo - Answers thermal
most at risk ages for thermal burn: - Answers 1-15yo
20-59yo
______ tissue injury is often present with an electrical burn - Answers deep
patients with an electrical burn should be put on..... - Answers cardiac monitor
chemical burns occur from 1 of 3 things: - Answers acids
alkaline
organic compound
examples that cause chemical burns: - Answers gasoline
bleach
this is the least common type of burn etiology: - Answers radiation
examples of radiation burns: - Answers cancer treatment
nuclear accidents
sunburn
radiation burns look similarly too _____ burns - Answers thermal
what is released when a burn occurs? - Answers cytokines, prostaglandins, antihistamines
histamine and prostaglandin release causes ..... - Answers vasodilation
capillary permeability
,once vasodilation and capillary permeability occurs when a burn happens, this occurs: - Answers
increased BF to injury site and oxygenation
exudate leaks out of damaged cells causing edema
will usually have a _____ tissue injury with electrical burns - Answers deep
should you pop burn blisters? - Answers NO- unless impairing mobility or over joints
a higher blood flow than normal to organs/area of injury aka - Answers hyperemia
burn zones: - Answers coagulation
stasis
hyperemia
TBSA methods used to assess burns: - Answers rule of palm
rule of nines
lund and browder classification
rule of palm is good for approximating ______ burns - Answers scatter
rule of palm: palm of hands, including ______ = ____% TBSA - Answers fingers; 1
rule of nines is most common method used in what kind of settings? - Answers prehospital
purpose of calculating TBSA for burns? - Answers essential for guiding adequate fluid resuscitation
adult burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 20
pediatric burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 10
older adult burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 10
injuries occurring at same time in addition to the burn aka - Answers concomitant injury
severity factors for burns: - Answers age
location
inhalation injury
PMH
concomitant injury
when you have a burn, you will lose fluids __________ - Answers intravascularly
will BP be high or low after a burn? - Answers low
patient referred to burn center if burns are on.... - Answers hands
feet
face
genitals
perineum
major joints
when would you worry about someone having inhalation injury from burn? if burn is on.... - Answers
face
head
neck
in an enclosed space
3 main respiratory complications from a burn injury: - Answers carbon monoxide poisoning
injury above glottis
injury below glottis
inhalation injuries are present in ____-____% admitted to burn centers; and ___-____% die - Answers
20; 50; 60; 70
with carbonmonoxide poisoning, smoke from the fire causes person to breath in carbon monoxide,
leading to it binding to _____ and basically causes _______ - Answers hemoglobin; suffocation
injury above the glottis puts patient at risk for airway _______ - Answers closure
greatest cardio risk from major burn injury: - Answers burn shock
burn shock results from massive ______ ______ - Answers fluid shift
what occurs during burn shock? _______ and _______ shock - Answers distributive; hypovolemic
burn shock causes (decreased/increased) viscosity of blood; _____/(decreased/increased) BF,
(decreased/increased) O2, and (decreased/increased) CO - Answers increased; sluggish; decreased;
decreased; decreased
burn shock occurs when after burn? - Answers first 24-48hrs
what helps to prevent burn shock - Answers fluid resuscitation
burns < ___% TBSA are a more localized tissue response - Answers 20
burns > _____% are considered major burns and are systemic and localized responses - Answers 20
2 important electrolytes during burn shock phase: - Answers K
, Na
as burn shock may occur, it will lead to (hypo/hyper)kalemia and natremia - Answers hypo
very important to account for evaporatuve fluid loss that may occur through burn wound and can be
up to ____L/day - Answers 5
muscle damage causes release of ______ which can lead to ______ failure - Answers myoglobin; renal
myoglobin release and myoglobinuria is usually seen with what type of burn? - Answers electrical
renal impairment after a burn usually occurs secondary to decreased ________ - Answers perfusion
what needs to be monitors for renal function after burn? - Answers KFT
Cr/BUN
Cr clearance
after a burn, it can lead to decreased _______ _____ and _______ in GI system - Answers nutrient
absorption; motility
if receiving lots of fluids for resuscitation from a burn, at risk for developing abdominal ______
______ - Answers compartment syndrome
at risk for developing this secondary to massive resuscitation of volumes in GI system - Answers
abdominal compartment syndrome
burn shock causes ______ ______ - Answers poor perfusion
after burn, need to (increase/decrease) caloric and ______ needs - Answers increase; protein
when burn injury occurs, loss of heat can occur, making it difficulty to maintain _____ ____ - Answers
body temp
if patient has burn injury, want to prevent heat loss by keeping a high ______ _____ in OR or patient
room - Answers ambient temp
patient is usually in a constant _______ state for up to 1 yr after burn injury - Answers hypermetabolic
patient usually in a constant hyper metabolic state for up to how long after a burn? - Answers 1 yr
ways to prevent infection/sepsis in burn patients: - Answers limit visitors
no plants or animals
disposable equipment/equipment dedicated to that patient only
administer tetanus toxoid
contact precautions
contact precautions: - Answers gown
gloves
_____ feeds are often done after a burn injury occurs - Answers enteral
treatment for sepsis: - Answers increase IVF
leading cause of death after surviving first 24hrs after burn: - Answers sepsis
when you have a burn, you are at high risk for ______ and ______ - Answers infection; sepsis
for sepsis, ______ control is biggest priority - Answers infection
during sepsis, BP (decreases/increases), and cannot be maintained, along with decreased _______
and ________ - Answers decreases; oxygenation; perfusion
sepsis is caused by an _______ - Answers infection
VS for airway obstruction: BP, HR, and RR - Answers increased
hypovolemia makes BP (increase/decrease) and HR (increase/decrease) - Answers decrease; increase
due to altered immunologic defenses, patients lives in a constant state of ...... after a burn injury -
Answers systemic inflammatory response syndrome
this is an exaggerated inflammatory response after an injury - Answers systemic inflammatory
response syndrome
what could a hoarsed voice indicate? - Answers edema in airway
if there was an airway obstruction, what would VS look like? - Answers increased HR, BP and RR
assessment for patient with inhalation injury: - Answers auscultate breath sounds
VS
carboxyhemoglobin levels
O2 sat
ABGs
indication of inhalation injury: - Answers burn on neck, face, or head
enclosed space
singed hairs
hoarse voice
CO2 in sputum
which layer is outermost layer of skin? (epidermis/dermis/subQ tissue) - Answers epidermis
epidermis is (vascular/nonvascular) - Answers nonvascular
dermis is _____-____x thicker than epidermis - Answers 30; 45
dermis contains: - Answers hair follicles
nerve endings
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
dermis contains _____ (with/without) blood vessels - Answers CT; with
subcut tissue contains: - Answers major vascular networks
fat
nerves
lymphatics
this layer of skin acts as a heat insulator for underlying organs: - Answers subcut
epidermis layer functions: - Answers PROTECTIVE BARRIER TO SKIN
hold in fluid
regulate temp
keep out harmful agents
burns are injury to ______ and viewed as (nonpreventable/preventable) - Answers tissue; preventable
burns are classified by: - Answers etiology
depth
TBSA
severity
is injury to epidermis painful? - Answers yes
is injury to dermis painful? - Answers yes
is injury to subcut tissue painful? - Answers no
is a water heater set to 120 normal or bad? - Answers normal
is water heater set to 140 normal or bad? - Answers bad
which types of burn etiologies are most common? - Answers thermal
burn etiologys: - Answers thermal
chemical
radiation
electrical
tis type of burn has an entry and exit point: - Answers electrical
if have electrical burn, worried about.... - Answers cardio and neuro
when have an electrical burn, ____ is sometimes a secondary injury - Answers fall
most common etiology of burns for child < 4yo - Answers thermal
most at risk ages for thermal burn: - Answers 1-15yo
20-59yo
______ tissue injury is often present with an electrical burn - Answers deep
patients with an electrical burn should be put on..... - Answers cardiac monitor
chemical burns occur from 1 of 3 things: - Answers acids
alkaline
organic compound
examples that cause chemical burns: - Answers gasoline
bleach
this is the least common type of burn etiology: - Answers radiation
examples of radiation burns: - Answers cancer treatment
nuclear accidents
sunburn
radiation burns look similarly too _____ burns - Answers thermal
what is released when a burn occurs? - Answers cytokines, prostaglandins, antihistamines
histamine and prostaglandin release causes ..... - Answers vasodilation
capillary permeability
,once vasodilation and capillary permeability occurs when a burn happens, this occurs: - Answers
increased BF to injury site and oxygenation
exudate leaks out of damaged cells causing edema
will usually have a _____ tissue injury with electrical burns - Answers deep
should you pop burn blisters? - Answers NO- unless impairing mobility or over joints
a higher blood flow than normal to organs/area of injury aka - Answers hyperemia
burn zones: - Answers coagulation
stasis
hyperemia
TBSA methods used to assess burns: - Answers rule of palm
rule of nines
lund and browder classification
rule of palm is good for approximating ______ burns - Answers scatter
rule of palm: palm of hands, including ______ = ____% TBSA - Answers fingers; 1
rule of nines is most common method used in what kind of settings? - Answers prehospital
purpose of calculating TBSA for burns? - Answers essential for guiding adequate fluid resuscitation
adult burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 20
pediatric burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 10
older adult burns are resuscitated with fluids for TBSA > ____% - Answers 10
injuries occurring at same time in addition to the burn aka - Answers concomitant injury
severity factors for burns: - Answers age
location
inhalation injury
PMH
concomitant injury
when you have a burn, you will lose fluids __________ - Answers intravascularly
will BP be high or low after a burn? - Answers low
patient referred to burn center if burns are on.... - Answers hands
feet
face
genitals
perineum
major joints
when would you worry about someone having inhalation injury from burn? if burn is on.... - Answers
face
head
neck
in an enclosed space
3 main respiratory complications from a burn injury: - Answers carbon monoxide poisoning
injury above glottis
injury below glottis
inhalation injuries are present in ____-____% admitted to burn centers; and ___-____% die - Answers
20; 50; 60; 70
with carbonmonoxide poisoning, smoke from the fire causes person to breath in carbon monoxide,
leading to it binding to _____ and basically causes _______ - Answers hemoglobin; suffocation
injury above the glottis puts patient at risk for airway _______ - Answers closure
greatest cardio risk from major burn injury: - Answers burn shock
burn shock results from massive ______ ______ - Answers fluid shift
what occurs during burn shock? _______ and _______ shock - Answers distributive; hypovolemic
burn shock causes (decreased/increased) viscosity of blood; _____/(decreased/increased) BF,
(decreased/increased) O2, and (decreased/increased) CO - Answers increased; sluggish; decreased;
decreased; decreased
burn shock occurs when after burn? - Answers first 24-48hrs
what helps to prevent burn shock - Answers fluid resuscitation
burns < ___% TBSA are a more localized tissue response - Answers 20
burns > _____% are considered major burns and are systemic and localized responses - Answers 20
2 important electrolytes during burn shock phase: - Answers K
, Na
as burn shock may occur, it will lead to (hypo/hyper)kalemia and natremia - Answers hypo
very important to account for evaporatuve fluid loss that may occur through burn wound and can be
up to ____L/day - Answers 5
muscle damage causes release of ______ which can lead to ______ failure - Answers myoglobin; renal
myoglobin release and myoglobinuria is usually seen with what type of burn? - Answers electrical
renal impairment after a burn usually occurs secondary to decreased ________ - Answers perfusion
what needs to be monitors for renal function after burn? - Answers KFT
Cr/BUN
Cr clearance
after a burn, it can lead to decreased _______ _____ and _______ in GI system - Answers nutrient
absorption; motility
if receiving lots of fluids for resuscitation from a burn, at risk for developing abdominal ______
______ - Answers compartment syndrome
at risk for developing this secondary to massive resuscitation of volumes in GI system - Answers
abdominal compartment syndrome
burn shock causes ______ ______ - Answers poor perfusion
after burn, need to (increase/decrease) caloric and ______ needs - Answers increase; protein
when burn injury occurs, loss of heat can occur, making it difficulty to maintain _____ ____ - Answers
body temp
if patient has burn injury, want to prevent heat loss by keeping a high ______ _____ in OR or patient
room - Answers ambient temp
patient is usually in a constant _______ state for up to 1 yr after burn injury - Answers hypermetabolic
patient usually in a constant hyper metabolic state for up to how long after a burn? - Answers 1 yr
ways to prevent infection/sepsis in burn patients: - Answers limit visitors
no plants or animals
disposable equipment/equipment dedicated to that patient only
administer tetanus toxoid
contact precautions
contact precautions: - Answers gown
gloves
_____ feeds are often done after a burn injury occurs - Answers enteral
treatment for sepsis: - Answers increase IVF
leading cause of death after surviving first 24hrs after burn: - Answers sepsis
when you have a burn, you are at high risk for ______ and ______ - Answers infection; sepsis
for sepsis, ______ control is biggest priority - Answers infection
during sepsis, BP (decreases/increases), and cannot be maintained, along with decreased _______
and ________ - Answers decreases; oxygenation; perfusion
sepsis is caused by an _______ - Answers infection
VS for airway obstruction: BP, HR, and RR - Answers increased
hypovolemia makes BP (increase/decrease) and HR (increase/decrease) - Answers decrease; increase
due to altered immunologic defenses, patients lives in a constant state of ...... after a burn injury -
Answers systemic inflammatory response syndrome
this is an exaggerated inflammatory response after an injury - Answers systemic inflammatory
response syndrome
what could a hoarsed voice indicate? - Answers edema in airway
if there was an airway obstruction, what would VS look like? - Answers increased HR, BP and RR
assessment for patient with inhalation injury: - Answers auscultate breath sounds
VS
carboxyhemoglobin levels
O2 sat
ABGs
indication of inhalation injury: - Answers burn on neck, face, or head
enclosed space
singed hairs
hoarse voice
CO2 in sputum
