PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED COMPLETE
ANSWERS ALL SOLVED 100%
What is allergic asthma associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1
Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWER SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing,
Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis,
Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure that
builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds
over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive mucous coating in the lungs
and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: - CORRECT ANSWER Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or
alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation
(increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER
Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER
Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation
(increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, What are signs of renal cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER No pain! Hematuria (Blood in
the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Dialysis, Fluid
Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca
Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? - CORRECT ANSWER Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - CORRECT ANSWER
Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - CORRECT ANSWER E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemia
- Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER Kidney Stones (renal
calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid Retention
(edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER
Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease of
Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of
Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Give Insulin
What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Diet, Exercise, Oral
Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
What are some complications of Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Paresthesia,
Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
QUESTIONS & UPDATED COMPLETE
ANSWERS ALL SOLVED 100%
What is allergic asthma associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1
Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWER SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing,
Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis,
Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure that
builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds
over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive mucous coating in the lungs
and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: - CORRECT ANSWER Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or
alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation
(increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER
Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER
Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation
(increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, What are signs of renal cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER No pain! Hematuria (Blood in
the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Dialysis, Fluid
Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca
Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? - CORRECT ANSWER Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - CORRECT ANSWER
Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - CORRECT ANSWER E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemia
- Give Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER Kidney Stones (renal
calculi), Renal Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid Retention
(edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER
Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease of
Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of
Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Give Insulin
What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Diet, Exercise, Oral
Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
What are some complications of Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Paresthesia,
Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
