NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Comprehensive Final Exam Review 2026.

NR 507 Advanced
Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Final
Exam Review 2026

, Reversible

Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that kidneys are
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functioning well - correct answer Acute renal failure t t t t t t t




Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
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Diagnosis established by: t t




-Urine culture t




-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
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-Signs/Symptoms

-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging - correct answer Acute
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Pyelonephritis



Goals of Treatment:
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Manage acute pain t t




Promote passage of stone t t t




Reduce size of stone t t t




Prevent new stone formation - correct answer Renal Calculi (Renal Stones)
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as
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hypertension, diabetes mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic
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kidney disease t




CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria - correct answer Chronic Renal Failure
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End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number one cause being diabetes mellitus
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combined with hypertension. At this point, the patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
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CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather than symptoms.
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Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
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--Metabolic acidosis. t