PSYC 3050 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology - Answers psychological principles and theories to the
workplace
Industrial psychology - Answers job analysis, training, selection, and performance measurement
Organizational psychology - Answers deals with motivation, attitudes, leadership, structure, culture,
and process of an organization
Society for Industrial and Organization Psychology (SIOP) - Answers professional association with
which I/O psychologists affiliate
The scientist/practitioner model refers to I/O psychologists as the generators of ___ (scientists) and
the ___ of such knowledge (practitioners). - Answers knowledge
consumers
I/O psychologists are trained according to what model? - Answers scientist/practitioner model
The goal of graduate training in I/O psychology is to develop ____, which are the skills, behaviors, and
capabilities that allows employees to be an effective member of the I/O psychology profession. -
Answers competencies
Dissertation - Answers scholarly research done after attaining a PhD in I/O psychology
Most I/O psychologists chose a career relative to ___ and ___. Where are 40% of them mostly
employed? - Answers science
research (or practice)
by universities as professors
I/O psychologists work more in the area of selection than any other. What is selection? - Answers
development and administration of tests used for employee hiring
What does the author, Paul Levy, believe will influence the growth of I/O psychologists in the future? -
Answers More jobs, technology, and global competition
What do I/O psychologists study? - Answers -Attitudes and behaviors of employees and employers.
-Motivation, leadership, performance.
-Interpersonal relationships at work, structure of policies.
-The context, culture, and climate of organizations.
-The match between people and jobs.
In what area do I/O psychologists work more than any other area? - Answers selection
What are the 5 primary areas in which I/O psychologists work? - Answers Selection, training,
organizational development, performance appraisal/management, and quality of work life (employee
attitudes).
What is another area other than the 5 primary areas (selection, training/development, OD,
performance appraisal, and quality of work life) in which I/O psychologists work? - Answers Consumer
psychology and engineering or human factors psychology
Selection - Answers the development and administration of tests used for employee hiring
Training programs that teach new employees how to do their jobs and more established employees
how to do new jobs with new equipment - Answers Training and development
Experts analyze organizational structures, cultures, and climate. They develop interventions to make
the organization work more effectively. - Answers Organizational development (OD)
Performance appraisal also called performance management - Answers Improves performance by
developing individual and organizational measures
Measurement and improvement of job-related attitudes, such as job satisfaction and organizational
commitment. - Answers Quality of work life
Social psychology starts to come in the picture during Pre-World War II because a series of
experiments called ___ highlighted the importance of social relations and employee attitudes. -
Answers The Hawthorne Studies
What was an interesting finding in The Hawthorne Studies relating to a positive behavior change? -
Answers Employees reacted positively to being paid attention to
The type of academic degree that most I/O psychologists earn is a(n):
a. associate's degree in management.
b. bachelor's degree in psychology.
c. master's degree in business administration.
d. Ph.D. or a Psy.D. - Answers d. Ph.D. or a Psy.D.
The _____ model and training in I/O psychology have a dual emphasis on theory and practice.
, a. zero balance behavioral accounting
b. scientist/practitioner
c. action theory
d. push/pull - Answers b. scientist/practitioner
Outside of working in academic settings, most I/O psychologists are employed by:
a. the military.
b. public organizations.
c. consulting firms.
d. advertising agencies. - Answers c. consulting firms
The approach to work motivation called scientific management was developed by:
a. Walter Dill Scott.
b. Bruce V. Moore.
c. Charles Westinghouse.
d. Frederick Taylor. - Answers d. Frederick Taylor.
The time period when there was less focus on employee testing and training and more focus on the
human condition was from:
a. World War I through the 1920s.
b. the 1930s until the start of World War II.
c. World War II to the mid-1960s.
d. the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. - Answers b. the 1930s until the start of World War II.
During World War II, I/O psychologists began to emphasize areas of organizational psychology
including:
a. employee training.
b. employee morale.
c. mental ability testing.
d. job analysis. - Answers b. employee morale.
What are the characteristics of a good theory? - Answers Should be precise, parsimonious, testable,
useful, and generative.
Parsimonious - Answers the theory explains as much as possible, as simply as possible
Why is it important for a theory to be parsimonious? - Answers theories that are too complex are
unmanageable and not useful
Precision - Answers the theory should be as specific and accurate in its language as possible
Why is it important for a theory to be precise? - Answers if a theory is wordy, scientists won't know
how to test it
Induction - Answers data to theory
Deduction - Answers theory to data
What does the Cyclical Inductive-Deductive Model of Research state? - Answers it doesn't matter
whether one starts with induction (data) or deduction (theory)
In order to be considered an experiment what faces should it have? - Answers independent and
dependent variables, internal and external validity, and control
Predictors, precursors, and antecedents are other names that I/O psychologists use for what? -
Answers independent variables
Criteria, outcomes, or consequences are other names that I/O psychologists use for what? - Answers
dependent variables
Casual inference - Answers a conclusion drawn from research data, about the likelihood of a casual
relationship between to variables.
Independent Variable - Answers anything manipulated by the researcher
Dependent Variable - Answers the variable of interest
Extraneous Variable - Answers anything other than the independent variable that can contaminate
our result or be thought of as an alternative to our casual explanation
Control must ensure that we can make a casual inference about our Independent Variable affecting
our Dependent Variable. What are some ways that we can control this or control extraneous
variables? - Answers Hold them constant, manipulate different levels of the variable, or use statistical
control<--this one is too complicated.
Experimental methods are characterized by two factors: ___ and ___ - Answers random assignment
and manipulation
Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology - Answers psychological principles and theories to the
workplace
Industrial psychology - Answers job analysis, training, selection, and performance measurement
Organizational psychology - Answers deals with motivation, attitudes, leadership, structure, culture,
and process of an organization
Society for Industrial and Organization Psychology (SIOP) - Answers professional association with
which I/O psychologists affiliate
The scientist/practitioner model refers to I/O psychologists as the generators of ___ (scientists) and
the ___ of such knowledge (practitioners). - Answers knowledge
consumers
I/O psychologists are trained according to what model? - Answers scientist/practitioner model
The goal of graduate training in I/O psychology is to develop ____, which are the skills, behaviors, and
capabilities that allows employees to be an effective member of the I/O psychology profession. -
Answers competencies
Dissertation - Answers scholarly research done after attaining a PhD in I/O psychology
Most I/O psychologists chose a career relative to ___ and ___. Where are 40% of them mostly
employed? - Answers science
research (or practice)
by universities as professors
I/O psychologists work more in the area of selection than any other. What is selection? - Answers
development and administration of tests used for employee hiring
What does the author, Paul Levy, believe will influence the growth of I/O psychologists in the future? -
Answers More jobs, technology, and global competition
What do I/O psychologists study? - Answers -Attitudes and behaviors of employees and employers.
-Motivation, leadership, performance.
-Interpersonal relationships at work, structure of policies.
-The context, culture, and climate of organizations.
-The match between people and jobs.
In what area do I/O psychologists work more than any other area? - Answers selection
What are the 5 primary areas in which I/O psychologists work? - Answers Selection, training,
organizational development, performance appraisal/management, and quality of work life (employee
attitudes).
What is another area other than the 5 primary areas (selection, training/development, OD,
performance appraisal, and quality of work life) in which I/O psychologists work? - Answers Consumer
psychology and engineering or human factors psychology
Selection - Answers the development and administration of tests used for employee hiring
Training programs that teach new employees how to do their jobs and more established employees
how to do new jobs with new equipment - Answers Training and development
Experts analyze organizational structures, cultures, and climate. They develop interventions to make
the organization work more effectively. - Answers Organizational development (OD)
Performance appraisal also called performance management - Answers Improves performance by
developing individual and organizational measures
Measurement and improvement of job-related attitudes, such as job satisfaction and organizational
commitment. - Answers Quality of work life
Social psychology starts to come in the picture during Pre-World War II because a series of
experiments called ___ highlighted the importance of social relations and employee attitudes. -
Answers The Hawthorne Studies
What was an interesting finding in The Hawthorne Studies relating to a positive behavior change? -
Answers Employees reacted positively to being paid attention to
The type of academic degree that most I/O psychologists earn is a(n):
a. associate's degree in management.
b. bachelor's degree in psychology.
c. master's degree in business administration.
d. Ph.D. or a Psy.D. - Answers d. Ph.D. or a Psy.D.
The _____ model and training in I/O psychology have a dual emphasis on theory and practice.
, a. zero balance behavioral accounting
b. scientist/practitioner
c. action theory
d. push/pull - Answers b. scientist/practitioner
Outside of working in academic settings, most I/O psychologists are employed by:
a. the military.
b. public organizations.
c. consulting firms.
d. advertising agencies. - Answers c. consulting firms
The approach to work motivation called scientific management was developed by:
a. Walter Dill Scott.
b. Bruce V. Moore.
c. Charles Westinghouse.
d. Frederick Taylor. - Answers d. Frederick Taylor.
The time period when there was less focus on employee testing and training and more focus on the
human condition was from:
a. World War I through the 1920s.
b. the 1930s until the start of World War II.
c. World War II to the mid-1960s.
d. the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. - Answers b. the 1930s until the start of World War II.
During World War II, I/O psychologists began to emphasize areas of organizational psychology
including:
a. employee training.
b. employee morale.
c. mental ability testing.
d. job analysis. - Answers b. employee morale.
What are the characteristics of a good theory? - Answers Should be precise, parsimonious, testable,
useful, and generative.
Parsimonious - Answers the theory explains as much as possible, as simply as possible
Why is it important for a theory to be parsimonious? - Answers theories that are too complex are
unmanageable and not useful
Precision - Answers the theory should be as specific and accurate in its language as possible
Why is it important for a theory to be precise? - Answers if a theory is wordy, scientists won't know
how to test it
Induction - Answers data to theory
Deduction - Answers theory to data
What does the Cyclical Inductive-Deductive Model of Research state? - Answers it doesn't matter
whether one starts with induction (data) or deduction (theory)
In order to be considered an experiment what faces should it have? - Answers independent and
dependent variables, internal and external validity, and control
Predictors, precursors, and antecedents are other names that I/O psychologists use for what? -
Answers independent variables
Criteria, outcomes, or consequences are other names that I/O psychologists use for what? - Answers
dependent variables
Casual inference - Answers a conclusion drawn from research data, about the likelihood of a casual
relationship between to variables.
Independent Variable - Answers anything manipulated by the researcher
Dependent Variable - Answers the variable of interest
Extraneous Variable - Answers anything other than the independent variable that can contaminate
our result or be thought of as an alternative to our casual explanation
Control must ensure that we can make a casual inference about our Independent Variable affecting
our Dependent Variable. What are some ways that we can control this or control extraneous
variables? - Answers Hold them constant, manipulate different levels of the variable, or use statistical
control<--this one is too complicated.
Experimental methods are characterized by two factors: ___ and ___ - Answers random assignment
and manipulation
