THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH &
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Language of Science & the Scientific Method
Question stem
A nursing student observes that patients with reduced fluid
intake often have concentrated urine and increased heart rate.
She forms a hypothesis that decreased fluid intake causes
compensatory tachycardia via reduced blood volume. Which
next step in the scientific method best tests causality in this
clinical context?
,A. Conduct a literature review to find similar observations.
B. Design a controlled experiment measuring heart rate after
standardized fluid restriction.
C. Ask patients to self-report perceived thirst and correlate with
heart rate.
D. Use a cross-sectional chart review to compare heart rate and
intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Designing a controlled experiment
manipulates the independent variable (fluid intake) and
measures heart rate outcomes, allowing causal inference.
This aligns with experimental testing described in scientific
method.
• A: A literature review informs background but does not
directly test causality.
• C: Self-report introduces subjective bias and cannot isolate
cause-effect.
• D: Cross-sectional reviews show association but cannot
establish causation due to confounding.
Teaching point
Experimental manipulation tests causality; associations alone
do not.
,Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question stem
A patient suffers a penetrating injury that disrupts connective
tissue bundles and small capillaries within skeletal muscle.
Which level of organization best describes the immediate
structural unit primarily disrupted by this injury?
A. Organ system
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. Cellular organelle
Correct answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Connective tissue bundles and capillaries are
features of tissues; the injury primarily disrupts the tissue
level (muscle tissue and its vascular tissue).
• A: Organ system is too broad (e.g., musculoskeletal system)
and not the immediate structural unit.
, • C: An organ (muscle) contains tissues, but the question
focuses on connective bundles and capillaries—tissue
components.
• D: Organelles are subcellular structures (e.g.,
mitochondria) and not the level described.
Teaching point
Tissues are groups of similar cells plus extracellular components
performing a function.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Anatomical Position & Directions
Question stem
A clinician documents a wound as being on the "left lateral
antebrachial surface proximal to the wrist." In anatomical terms
relative to the wrist, which direction does "proximal" indicate?
A. Closer to the trunk than the wrist
B. Further from the trunk than the wrist
C. Toward the midline of the body
D. On the front surface of the forearm
Correct answer: A
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Language of Science & the Scientific Method
Question stem
A nursing student observes that patients with reduced fluid
intake often have concentrated urine and increased heart rate.
She forms a hypothesis that decreased fluid intake causes
compensatory tachycardia via reduced blood volume. Which
next step in the scientific method best tests causality in this
clinical context?
,A. Conduct a literature review to find similar observations.
B. Design a controlled experiment measuring heart rate after
standardized fluid restriction.
C. Ask patients to self-report perceived thirst and correlate with
heart rate.
D. Use a cross-sectional chart review to compare heart rate and
intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Designing a controlled experiment
manipulates the independent variable (fluid intake) and
measures heart rate outcomes, allowing causal inference.
This aligns with experimental testing described in scientific
method.
• A: A literature review informs background but does not
directly test causality.
• C: Self-report introduces subjective bias and cannot isolate
cause-effect.
• D: Cross-sectional reviews show association but cannot
establish causation due to confounding.
Teaching point
Experimental manipulation tests causality; associations alone
do not.
,Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question stem
A patient suffers a penetrating injury that disrupts connective
tissue bundles and small capillaries within skeletal muscle.
Which level of organization best describes the immediate
structural unit primarily disrupted by this injury?
A. Organ system
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. Cellular organelle
Correct answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Connective tissue bundles and capillaries are
features of tissues; the injury primarily disrupts the tissue
level (muscle tissue and its vascular tissue).
• A: Organ system is too broad (e.g., musculoskeletal system)
and not the immediate structural unit.
, • C: An organ (muscle) contains tissues, but the question
focuses on connective bundles and capillaries—tissue
components.
• D: Organelles are subcellular structures (e.g.,
mitochondria) and not the level described.
Teaching point
Tissues are groups of similar cells plus extracellular components
performing a function.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Anatomical Position & Directions
Question stem
A clinician documents a wound as being on the "left lateral
antebrachial surface proximal to the wrist." In anatomical terms
relative to the wrist, which direction does "proximal" indicate?
A. Closer to the trunk than the wrist
B. Further from the trunk than the wrist
C. Toward the midline of the body
D. On the front surface of the forearm
Correct answer: A
