Nurs 1871 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
Factors influencing urination Growth and development
Sociocultural factors
Psychological factors
Personal habits
Fluid intake
Pathological conditions
Surgical procedures
Medications
Diagnostic Examinations
Urinary retention An accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty
UTI Caused by E. coli
S/S:
Urinary incontinence involuntary leakage of urine
-urgency
-stress
Dysuria painful or difficult urination
Frequency Voiding more than eight times (5 or more times a day is normal) during waking
hours or at decreased intervals (less than every two hours)
Polyuria Voiding excessive amounts of urine (greater than 2.5 L)
,Oliguria Diminished urine output in relation to fluid intake (less than 400 mL)
Anuria Lack of producing urine/very little (less than 50 mL in 24 hours)
Characteristics of urine (COPA) Color/clarity
Odor
Particles
Amount
Nephrons Functional units of the kidneys
Remove waste product from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Normal range of urine production in a adult 1-2L per day
Adults typically void when their bladder is at a volume of 400-600mL
Ureterostomy (ileal conduit) a permanent incontinent urinary diversion created by
transplanting the ureters into a closed-off part of the intestinal ileum and bringing the other
end out onto the abdominal wall forming a stoma
Nephrostomy tube Tunnel through the renal pelvis
Used when the ureter is obstructed
The large intestine The primary organ of bowel elimination
Absorption
Secretion
Elimination
, Fecal impaction (intestinal obstruction) S/S: liquid stool
At risk: confused, immobile, unconscious
Bowel diversions (Ostomies) Sigmoid colostomy (FORMED STOOL)
Ileostomy (LIQUID)
Guaiac fecal occult test Determines if there is any blood in the stool
A blue result indicates there is blood in the stool
Changes in cognition and level of consciousness Subtle/early signs:
-restlessness
-apprehension
-slight confusion
late signs. Changes in pupil response
Glasgow coma scale eye opening
verbal response
motor response
Scale: (3-15) Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
Extrapyramidical side effects Akathisia
Pseudoparkinsonism
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Acute dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
Factors influencing urination Growth and development
Sociocultural factors
Psychological factors
Personal habits
Fluid intake
Pathological conditions
Surgical procedures
Medications
Diagnostic Examinations
Urinary retention An accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty
UTI Caused by E. coli
S/S:
Urinary incontinence involuntary leakage of urine
-urgency
-stress
Dysuria painful or difficult urination
Frequency Voiding more than eight times (5 or more times a day is normal) during waking
hours or at decreased intervals (less than every two hours)
Polyuria Voiding excessive amounts of urine (greater than 2.5 L)
,Oliguria Diminished urine output in relation to fluid intake (less than 400 mL)
Anuria Lack of producing urine/very little (less than 50 mL in 24 hours)
Characteristics of urine (COPA) Color/clarity
Odor
Particles
Amount
Nephrons Functional units of the kidneys
Remove waste product from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Normal range of urine production in a adult 1-2L per day
Adults typically void when their bladder is at a volume of 400-600mL
Ureterostomy (ileal conduit) a permanent incontinent urinary diversion created by
transplanting the ureters into a closed-off part of the intestinal ileum and bringing the other
end out onto the abdominal wall forming a stoma
Nephrostomy tube Tunnel through the renal pelvis
Used when the ureter is obstructed
The large intestine The primary organ of bowel elimination
Absorption
Secretion
Elimination
, Fecal impaction (intestinal obstruction) S/S: liquid stool
At risk: confused, immobile, unconscious
Bowel diversions (Ostomies) Sigmoid colostomy (FORMED STOOL)
Ileostomy (LIQUID)
Guaiac fecal occult test Determines if there is any blood in the stool
A blue result indicates there is blood in the stool
Changes in cognition and level of consciousness Subtle/early signs:
-restlessness
-apprehension
-slight confusion
late signs. Changes in pupil response
Glasgow coma scale eye opening
verbal response
motor response
Scale: (3-15) Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
Extrapyramidical side effects Akathisia
Pseudoparkinsonism
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Acute dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
