Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience Instructor Answer Guide
Multiple Choice
16.1 Principles of Homeostasis
1. How might set points for specific factors change over a 24-hour circadian period?
a. They always remain constant throughout the day and night
b. They typically decrease during the day and increase at night
c. They may fluctuate slightly depending on the factor and the organism
d. They vary based on environmental conditions
Answer: c
2. What is the purpose of negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?
a. To amplify deviations from set points
b. To reduce the need for optimal values of a life-sustaining factor
c. To counteract deviations and restore optimal set point values
d. To maintain physiological conditions outside a normal range
Answer: c
3. Sometimes drivers pass by a highway patrol system that automatically measures their
speed and displays how fast they are driving. If driving over the speed limit, most drivers
will slow down. This can be considered an example of:
a. A negative feedback loop
b. Allostasis
c. Homeostasis
d. An autonomic response
Answer: a
4. Many laptop computers now have systems that automatically increase the brightness of
the screen if the outside environment is well lit and that decrease the brightness of the
screen if the outside environment becomes dim. This system can be considered an example
of:
a. Allostasis
b. A bidirectional homeostatic system
c. An effector system
d. A control center
Answer:b
5. During an immediate threat to survival, what does allostasis allow an organism to do?
, a. Maintain internal physiological conditions within the normal range
b. Increase the speed by which control and effector systems counteract deviations
from a set point
c. Persevere against short-term challenges by temporarily adjusting set points
d. Ignore environmental challenges for a brief period
Answer: c
6. ________ allows animals to maintain a stable internal environment.
a. Homeostasis
b. Allostasis
c. Adaptation
d. Positive feedback
Answer: a
7. The neuroendocrine system regulates homeostasis by releasing ________ that affect target
organs throughout the brain and body.
a. neurotrophic factors
b. cytokines
c. small molecule neurotransmitters
d. hormones
Answer: d
16.2 Neural Control of Blood Oxygenation Levels
8. How does the medullary respiratory control center (MRCC) indirectly sense blood
oxygenation levels?
a. By measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide
b. By directly sensing oxygen in the lungs
c. By detecting changes in heart rate
d. By measuring the pH (acidity) of the blood
Answer: d
9. How does the medullary cardiovascular control center (MCCC) affect heart rate?
a. It has no effect on heart rate
b. It increases heart rate
c. It decreases heart rate
d. It either increases or decreases heart rate depending on blood oxygenation levels
Answer: d
2
Updated October 2024
Multiple Choice
16.1 Principles of Homeostasis
1. How might set points for specific factors change over a 24-hour circadian period?
a. They always remain constant throughout the day and night
b. They typically decrease during the day and increase at night
c. They may fluctuate slightly depending on the factor and the organism
d. They vary based on environmental conditions
Answer: c
2. What is the purpose of negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?
a. To amplify deviations from set points
b. To reduce the need for optimal values of a life-sustaining factor
c. To counteract deviations and restore optimal set point values
d. To maintain physiological conditions outside a normal range
Answer: c
3. Sometimes drivers pass by a highway patrol system that automatically measures their
speed and displays how fast they are driving. If driving over the speed limit, most drivers
will slow down. This can be considered an example of:
a. A negative feedback loop
b. Allostasis
c. Homeostasis
d. An autonomic response
Answer: a
4. Many laptop computers now have systems that automatically increase the brightness of
the screen if the outside environment is well lit and that decrease the brightness of the
screen if the outside environment becomes dim. This system can be considered an example
of:
a. Allostasis
b. A bidirectional homeostatic system
c. An effector system
d. A control center
Answer:b
5. During an immediate threat to survival, what does allostasis allow an organism to do?
, a. Maintain internal physiological conditions within the normal range
b. Increase the speed by which control and effector systems counteract deviations
from a set point
c. Persevere against short-term challenges by temporarily adjusting set points
d. Ignore environmental challenges for a brief period
Answer: c
6. ________ allows animals to maintain a stable internal environment.
a. Homeostasis
b. Allostasis
c. Adaptation
d. Positive feedback
Answer: a
7. The neuroendocrine system regulates homeostasis by releasing ________ that affect target
organs throughout the brain and body.
a. neurotrophic factors
b. cytokines
c. small molecule neurotransmitters
d. hormones
Answer: d
16.2 Neural Control of Blood Oxygenation Levels
8. How does the medullary respiratory control center (MRCC) indirectly sense blood
oxygenation levels?
a. By measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide
b. By directly sensing oxygen in the lungs
c. By detecting changes in heart rate
d. By measuring the pH (acidity) of the blood
Answer: d
9. How does the medullary cardiovascular control center (MCCC) affect heart rate?
a. It has no effect on heart rate
b. It increases heart rate
c. It decreases heart rate
d. It either increases or decreases heart rate depending on blood oxygenation levels
Answer: d
2
Updated October 2024
