NURS 5334 EXAMINATION ITEMS &
CRITICAL CHECK PASS CERTIFIED 2026.
◍ 3 primary reasons for drug monitoring. Ans: 1) determine
therapeutic dosage
2) evaluating medication adequacy: desired effect achieved
3) identifying adverse effects: presence of patient harm
◍ Pharmacokinetics. Ans: Study of drug movement throughout the
body
Includes drug metabolism and excretion
Passage across cell membrane
◍ Absorption. Ans: Drug's movement from site of administration to
the blood
Rate=how soon effects begin
Amount=how intense the effects will be
◍ Rate of absorption depends on. Ans: rate of dissolution
,surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
◍ Distribution. Ans: Drug's movement from blood into interstitial
space and then into cells
◍ Metabolism. Ans: "Biotransformation"
Enzyme mediated alteration of the drug structure
◍ Excretion. Ans: How drugs and metabolites move out of the body
◍ Elimination. Ans: combination of metabolism and excretion
◍ Movement of drugs. Ans: GI Tract/Site of administration-->Blood-
->Liver/Kidney/Site of action/Other Sites-->Bile/Urine-->Outside of
body
◍ 3 ways for drugs to cross cell membrane. Ans: 1) Channels and
pores
2) Transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
3) Direct penetration of the membrane - **Most common**
, ◍ P-Glycoprotein. Ans: Transmembrane protein that transports a
wide variety of drugs out of cells
Liver to Bile; Kidney to Urine, Placenta to Maternal blood; Brain to
Blood
◍ Passage of drugs across membrane. Ans: "Like dissolves like"
cell membrane composition lipid - lipid soluble drugs can cross
membrane without help
Must be Non-Ionized to cross from one side to the other
◍ Ions. Ans: drug will accumulate on side which favors ionization
("pH partitioning or Ion trapping")
pH dependent ionization - acid (proton donor) ionizes in
basic/alkaline media; base (proton accepter) ionizes in acidic media
quarternary ammonium compounds - contain at least one atom of
nitrogen and carry a positive charge
◍ Factors Affecting Drug Absorption. Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface Area
Blood Flow
CRITICAL CHECK PASS CERTIFIED 2026.
◍ 3 primary reasons for drug monitoring. Ans: 1) determine
therapeutic dosage
2) evaluating medication adequacy: desired effect achieved
3) identifying adverse effects: presence of patient harm
◍ Pharmacokinetics. Ans: Study of drug movement throughout the
body
Includes drug metabolism and excretion
Passage across cell membrane
◍ Absorption. Ans: Drug's movement from site of administration to
the blood
Rate=how soon effects begin
Amount=how intense the effects will be
◍ Rate of absorption depends on. Ans: rate of dissolution
,surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
◍ Distribution. Ans: Drug's movement from blood into interstitial
space and then into cells
◍ Metabolism. Ans: "Biotransformation"
Enzyme mediated alteration of the drug structure
◍ Excretion. Ans: How drugs and metabolites move out of the body
◍ Elimination. Ans: combination of metabolism and excretion
◍ Movement of drugs. Ans: GI Tract/Site of administration-->Blood-
->Liver/Kidney/Site of action/Other Sites-->Bile/Urine-->Outside of
body
◍ 3 ways for drugs to cross cell membrane. Ans: 1) Channels and
pores
2) Transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
3) Direct penetration of the membrane - **Most common**
, ◍ P-Glycoprotein. Ans: Transmembrane protein that transports a
wide variety of drugs out of cells
Liver to Bile; Kidney to Urine, Placenta to Maternal blood; Brain to
Blood
◍ Passage of drugs across membrane. Ans: "Like dissolves like"
cell membrane composition lipid - lipid soluble drugs can cross
membrane without help
Must be Non-Ionized to cross from one side to the other
◍ Ions. Ans: drug will accumulate on side which favors ionization
("pH partitioning or Ion trapping")
pH dependent ionization - acid (proton donor) ionizes in
basic/alkaline media; base (proton accepter) ionizes in acidic media
quarternary ammonium compounds - contain at least one atom of
nitrogen and carry a positive charge
◍ Factors Affecting Drug Absorption. Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface Area
Blood Flow
