Bio-molecules & Enzymes Cheatsheet

Biomolecules & Enzymes

Biomolecule: a chemical compound found in living organisms; they are the building blocks of

life & perform important functions

1.​ Carbohydrates

a.​ Polymers: polysaccharides

i.​ Examples: starch, glycogen, and cellulose

b.​ Function: energy carriers

c.​ Monomers: monosaccharides

i.​ Elements: C, H, O

2.​ Proteins

a.​ Polymers: polypeptide

i.​ Examples: insulin, collagen, hemoglobin

b.​ Function: the workhorse(enzymes, hormones, carriers, etc.) of cells

c.​ Monomers: amino acids

i.​ Elements: C, H, O, N, S

3.​ Lipids

a.​ Polymers: fats, oils, steroids, waxes

i.​ Examples: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

b.​ Function: energy storage & protection, hormones, cholesterol, &

phospholipids(membrane structure)

c.​ Monomers: Fatty Acids

i.​ Elements: C, H, O, P

4.​ Nucleic Acid

a.​ Polymers: DNA, RNA, ATP

i.​ Examples: nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA

ii.​ Function: genetic info. & ATP(cellular energy)