APHON Principles of Chemo and Biotherapy
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT VERIFIED
Answers
Cell-cycle-specific agents - ANSWER -Those drugs that work only
when cells are in a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Doubling time - ANSWER -The time required for a tumor mass to
reach a certain size or double in size.
Growth fraction - ANSWER -Percentage of cells actively dividing at
any given point in time.
Tumor burden - ANSWER -Size of the tumor as determined by the
number of cells present.
A higher growth fraction - ANSWER -Results in a higher cell kill with
exposure to cell cycle specific agents.
The higher the tumor cell burden - ANSWER -The greater the
probability of the development of drug resistance
Gompertzian function - ANSWER -As the tumor burden increases, the
rate of growth slows or levels off.
6 essential alterations in normal cell physiology that dictate malignant
growth - ANSWER -1. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 2.
Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals 3. Avoidance of apoptosis 4.
Limitless replication potential 5. Sustained antiangiogenesis 6. Tissue
invasion and metastasis
6 cell characteristics of malignant cells in easier terms - ANSWER
Mutated DNA alters instructions for function 2. Parasitic to host and has
no beneficial function 3. Uncontrolled reproduction 4. Invades
, surrounding tissues and mets 5. Immortal 6. Call birth is greater then cell
death
6 mechanisms of drug resistance by the cell - ANSWER -1. Decreased
drug uptake by the cell 2. Increased removal of the drug out of the cell
r/t changes in the cell membrane 3. Detoxification of the drug in the cell
r/t metabolic changes 4. Increased repair of DNA 5. Alterations in the
structure of drug receptor sites 6. Decreased sensitivity to apoptosis.
MDR1 - ANSWER -Multidrug resistance gene 1. May occur prior to
exposure of chemo or after. Caused by the presence of P-glycoprotein
How should chemo be administered to maximize effectiveness? -
ANSWER -At the maximum tolerated doses with the shortest possible
interval
What are chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle specific
drugs? - ANSWER -1. Greatest effect on actively dividing cells 2. NOT
active in G0 phase 3. Greatest action in divided doses or continuous
infusion 4. Cytotoxic effects occur when cell repair or division is
attmepted
What are Chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle non
specific drugs? - ANSWER -1. Work in any cell phase (even in G0) 2.
Greatest action when administered as a bolus 3. Cytotoxic effects occur
when cell division is attempted
What chemo agents causes damage or interference with DNA? -
ANSWER -Antimetabolites, alkylating agents, anti tumor antibiotics,
nitrosureas
What chemo agent causes cell cycle phase arrest? - ANSWER -Plant
alkaloids
What chemo agent interferes with protein synthesis? - ANSWER
Hormonal agents
What chemo agents interfere with development of blood vessels? -
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT VERIFIED
Answers
Cell-cycle-specific agents - ANSWER -Those drugs that work only
when cells are in a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Doubling time - ANSWER -The time required for a tumor mass to
reach a certain size or double in size.
Growth fraction - ANSWER -Percentage of cells actively dividing at
any given point in time.
Tumor burden - ANSWER -Size of the tumor as determined by the
number of cells present.
A higher growth fraction - ANSWER -Results in a higher cell kill with
exposure to cell cycle specific agents.
The higher the tumor cell burden - ANSWER -The greater the
probability of the development of drug resistance
Gompertzian function - ANSWER -As the tumor burden increases, the
rate of growth slows or levels off.
6 essential alterations in normal cell physiology that dictate malignant
growth - ANSWER -1. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 2.
Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals 3. Avoidance of apoptosis 4.
Limitless replication potential 5. Sustained antiangiogenesis 6. Tissue
invasion and metastasis
6 cell characteristics of malignant cells in easier terms - ANSWER
Mutated DNA alters instructions for function 2. Parasitic to host and has
no beneficial function 3. Uncontrolled reproduction 4. Invades
, surrounding tissues and mets 5. Immortal 6. Call birth is greater then cell
death
6 mechanisms of drug resistance by the cell - ANSWER -1. Decreased
drug uptake by the cell 2. Increased removal of the drug out of the cell
r/t changes in the cell membrane 3. Detoxification of the drug in the cell
r/t metabolic changes 4. Increased repair of DNA 5. Alterations in the
structure of drug receptor sites 6. Decreased sensitivity to apoptosis.
MDR1 - ANSWER -Multidrug resistance gene 1. May occur prior to
exposure of chemo or after. Caused by the presence of P-glycoprotein
How should chemo be administered to maximize effectiveness? -
ANSWER -At the maximum tolerated doses with the shortest possible
interval
What are chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle specific
drugs? - ANSWER -1. Greatest effect on actively dividing cells 2. NOT
active in G0 phase 3. Greatest action in divided doses or continuous
infusion 4. Cytotoxic effects occur when cell repair or division is
attmepted
What are Chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle non
specific drugs? - ANSWER -1. Work in any cell phase (even in G0) 2.
Greatest action when administered as a bolus 3. Cytotoxic effects occur
when cell division is attempted
What chemo agents causes damage or interference with DNA? -
ANSWER -Antimetabolites, alkylating agents, anti tumor antibiotics,
nitrosureas
What chemo agent causes cell cycle phase arrest? - ANSWER -Plant
alkaloids
What chemo agent interferes with protein synthesis? - ANSWER
Hormonal agents
What chemo agents interfere with development of blood vessels? -
