CALT EXAM REVIEW 2026 FULL STUDY
GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED
⩥ Segmental. Answer: Aspect of Language
(phonemes - vowels & consonants)
⩥ Phonoligical Awareness. Answer: The knowledge of and sensitivity to
the sound structure of language (umbrella term)
It includes: rhyming, segmentation activities, and manipulation activities
Segmentation Activities - segmenting sentences into words, segmenting
compound words into syllables, segmenting words into syllables,
identifying initial and final sounds, and segmenting syllables into
phonemes
Manipulation Activities - omitting syllables, omitting sounds in words,
and changing sounds into words
⩥ Dysarthria. Answer: A disorder in the nervous system which hinders
control over the tongue, throat, lips, or lungs
,Neurological oral-motor dysfunction including weakness of the
musculature necessary for coordinating movements of speech production
(slurred speech, difficulty with articulation)
⩥ Dyspraxia. Answer: Sensorimotor disruption in which the motor
signals to the muscles, such as those necessary for speech production,
are not consistently or efficiently received
Difficulty getting the body to do what you want it to
Difficulty planning and coordinating body movement
Difficulty coordinating facial muscles to produce sounds
(a person is born with dyspraxia)
⩥ Phonemic Awareness. Answer: Awareness of the smallest units of
speech (phonemes) and the ability to isolate or manipulate the individual
phonemes in words
⩥ Phonetics. Answer: The study of linguistic speech sounds and how
they are produced and perceived
, ⩥ Alphabetic Principle. Answer: The concept that letters on a page
represent or map onto the sounds in spoken words
⩥ Alphabetic Language. Answer: A language, such as English, in which
letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes
⩥ Logographic Writing System. Answer: A system in which pictures
represent the words of a language, such as Chinese
If English was treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain
over 700,000 symbols
⩥ Grapheme. Answer: A written letter or letter cluster representing a
single speech sound
Ex: i, igh
⩥ Phonics. Answer: An approach to teaching reading and spelling that
emphasizes sound-symbol relationships
Sound + Letters
⩥ Euphony. Answer: Words formed or combined as to please the ear
GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED
⩥ Segmental. Answer: Aspect of Language
(phonemes - vowels & consonants)
⩥ Phonoligical Awareness. Answer: The knowledge of and sensitivity to
the sound structure of language (umbrella term)
It includes: rhyming, segmentation activities, and manipulation activities
Segmentation Activities - segmenting sentences into words, segmenting
compound words into syllables, segmenting words into syllables,
identifying initial and final sounds, and segmenting syllables into
phonemes
Manipulation Activities - omitting syllables, omitting sounds in words,
and changing sounds into words
⩥ Dysarthria. Answer: A disorder in the nervous system which hinders
control over the tongue, throat, lips, or lungs
,Neurological oral-motor dysfunction including weakness of the
musculature necessary for coordinating movements of speech production
(slurred speech, difficulty with articulation)
⩥ Dyspraxia. Answer: Sensorimotor disruption in which the motor
signals to the muscles, such as those necessary for speech production,
are not consistently or efficiently received
Difficulty getting the body to do what you want it to
Difficulty planning and coordinating body movement
Difficulty coordinating facial muscles to produce sounds
(a person is born with dyspraxia)
⩥ Phonemic Awareness. Answer: Awareness of the smallest units of
speech (phonemes) and the ability to isolate or manipulate the individual
phonemes in words
⩥ Phonetics. Answer: The study of linguistic speech sounds and how
they are produced and perceived
, ⩥ Alphabetic Principle. Answer: The concept that letters on a page
represent or map onto the sounds in spoken words
⩥ Alphabetic Language. Answer: A language, such as English, in which
letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes
⩥ Logographic Writing System. Answer: A system in which pictures
represent the words of a language, such as Chinese
If English was treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain
over 700,000 symbols
⩥ Grapheme. Answer: A written letter or letter cluster representing a
single speech sound
Ex: i, igh
⩥ Phonics. Answer: An approach to teaching reading and spelling that
emphasizes sound-symbol relationships
Sound + Letters
⩥ Euphony. Answer: Words formed or combined as to please the ear
