NUR 216 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities? - ✔✔Color discoloration,
decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature, thick toenails, presence of
bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins, lymphedema.
✔✔What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged
epitrochlear nodes can indicate underlying conditions such as infection or malignancy.
✔✔What are the characteristics of arterial ulcers? - ✔✔Typically have round shapes,
are located on toes and feet, and are associated with sharp calf pain.
✔✔What are the characteristics of venous ulcers? - ✔✔Often irregularly shaped,
located on the lower legs, and associated with swelling and varicose veins.
✔✔What does a cool skin temperature in the lower extremities suggest? - ✔✔Possible
arterial insufficiency.
✔✔What does the presence of varicose veins indicate? - ✔✔Potential venous
insufficiency or valve dysfunction.
✔✔What is the profile sign in nail assessment? - ✔✔A sign of clubbing, where the angle
between the nail and the nail bed is greater than 180 degrees.
✔✔How should the client be positioned for assessing jugular venous distention? - ✔✔In
an upright sitting or semi-Fowler's position.
✔✔What is a bruit? - ✔✔An abnormal 'whooshing' sound heard over an artery,
indicating turbulent blood flow due to obstruction.
✔✔Musculoskeletal - ✔✔Provides structure, support, protection, and movement.
✔✔Skeleton - ✔✔Composed of 206 bones and divided into two regions: axial skeleton
and appendicular skeleton.
✔✔Types of bones - ✔✔Long bones and irregular/short bones.
✔✔Joint - ✔✔Two or more bones coming together.
✔✔Synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that allows for movement.
✔✔Non-synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that does not allow for movement.
, ✔✔Types of joints - ✔✔Fused, ball and socket, hinge, gliding, plane, and condyloid.
✔✔Vertebrae - ✔✔33 bones and cartilaginous segments compose the vertebrae in the
spinal column.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Over 600 muscles in the human body protect our bones and are
responsible for body movement.
✔✔Types of muscle - ✔✔Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Nonelastic structures that connect muscles to bones.
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Provide additional support to the joint.
✔✔Diagnostics - ✔✔Includes blood tests, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), X-ray, MRI,
CT scan, and DEXA scan.
✔✔Health History - ✔✔Includes family history of musculoskeletal problems, past
surgical history, and past medical history.
✔✔Chronic diseases - ✔✔Includes arthritis, myopathy, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis, and osteoporosis.
✔✔Nutrition - ✔✔Weight loss or weight gain can affect musculoskeletal health.
✔✔Pain assessment - ✔✔Myalgia is the assessment of pain in muscles.
✔✔Risk factors - ✔✔Gender, advancing age, and activity levels can influence
musculoskeletal health.
✔✔Cultural considerations - ✔✔Caucasian or Asian women are more likely to have
bone loss due to low levels of bone density.
✔✔Five 'Ps' to Assess Musculoskeletal Injuries - ✔✔A framework for assessing
musculoskeletal injuries.
✔✔Inspecting Gait - ✔✔Assess the client's ability to walk, looking for pain and
differences in leg and arm swing.
✔✔Abnormal Findings in Gait - ✔✔Includes unequal leg and/or arm swing, inability to
maintain balance, and limping.
✔✔Inspecting Posture - ✔✔Evaluate the client's posture while walking and their
balance.
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities? - ✔✔Color discoloration,
decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature, thick toenails, presence of
bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins, lymphedema.
✔✔What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged
epitrochlear nodes can indicate underlying conditions such as infection or malignancy.
✔✔What are the characteristics of arterial ulcers? - ✔✔Typically have round shapes,
are located on toes and feet, and are associated with sharp calf pain.
✔✔What are the characteristics of venous ulcers? - ✔✔Often irregularly shaped,
located on the lower legs, and associated with swelling and varicose veins.
✔✔What does a cool skin temperature in the lower extremities suggest? - ✔✔Possible
arterial insufficiency.
✔✔What does the presence of varicose veins indicate? - ✔✔Potential venous
insufficiency or valve dysfunction.
✔✔What is the profile sign in nail assessment? - ✔✔A sign of clubbing, where the angle
between the nail and the nail bed is greater than 180 degrees.
✔✔How should the client be positioned for assessing jugular venous distention? - ✔✔In
an upright sitting or semi-Fowler's position.
✔✔What is a bruit? - ✔✔An abnormal 'whooshing' sound heard over an artery,
indicating turbulent blood flow due to obstruction.
✔✔Musculoskeletal - ✔✔Provides structure, support, protection, and movement.
✔✔Skeleton - ✔✔Composed of 206 bones and divided into two regions: axial skeleton
and appendicular skeleton.
✔✔Types of bones - ✔✔Long bones and irregular/short bones.
✔✔Joint - ✔✔Two or more bones coming together.
✔✔Synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that allows for movement.
✔✔Non-synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that does not allow for movement.
, ✔✔Types of joints - ✔✔Fused, ball and socket, hinge, gliding, plane, and condyloid.
✔✔Vertebrae - ✔✔33 bones and cartilaginous segments compose the vertebrae in the
spinal column.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Over 600 muscles in the human body protect our bones and are
responsible for body movement.
✔✔Types of muscle - ✔✔Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Nonelastic structures that connect muscles to bones.
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Provide additional support to the joint.
✔✔Diagnostics - ✔✔Includes blood tests, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), X-ray, MRI,
CT scan, and DEXA scan.
✔✔Health History - ✔✔Includes family history of musculoskeletal problems, past
surgical history, and past medical history.
✔✔Chronic diseases - ✔✔Includes arthritis, myopathy, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis, and osteoporosis.
✔✔Nutrition - ✔✔Weight loss or weight gain can affect musculoskeletal health.
✔✔Pain assessment - ✔✔Myalgia is the assessment of pain in muscles.
✔✔Risk factors - ✔✔Gender, advancing age, and activity levels can influence
musculoskeletal health.
✔✔Cultural considerations - ✔✔Caucasian or Asian women are more likely to have
bone loss due to low levels of bone density.
✔✔Five 'Ps' to Assess Musculoskeletal Injuries - ✔✔A framework for assessing
musculoskeletal injuries.
✔✔Inspecting Gait - ✔✔Assess the client's ability to walk, looking for pain and
differences in leg and arm swing.
✔✔Abnormal Findings in Gait - ✔✔Includes unequal leg and/or arm swing, inability to
maintain balance, and limping.
✔✔Inspecting Posture - ✔✔Evaluate the client's posture while walking and their
balance.
