The Transformation of China — Civil War, Mao, Deng
Contents:
1. Mao - Rise to Power 1. Communism in Crisis - Deng
a. Background a. 1978: Power struggle
b. 1919: May Fourth b. Four Modernisations
c. 1927: Shanghai Massacre c. Political changes under Deng
d. Jiangxi Soviets
e. 5th Extermination Campaign
f. 1934 - 1935: Long March
g. Yan’an Soviets
h. 1936: Xi’an Incident
i. 1937 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War
j. 1945 - 1949: Chinese Civil War
2. Mao - In Power
a. Problems facing China
b. 1950s reforms
c. 1950: Tibet
d. 1950 - 1953: Korean War
e. 1953 - 1957: First Five Year Plan
f. 1954: Gao Gang and Rao Rashi Affair
g. 1956 - 1959: Hundred Flowers and anti-rightist campaign
h. 1958 - 1962: Great Leap Forward
i. 1959 - 1961: The Three Bitter Years
j. 1962 - 1966: Power struggle
k. Socialist Education Movement
l. 1966: Cultural Revolution begins
m. 1971 - 1972: Fall of Lin Biao
n. 1976: Death of Zhou Enlai & Mao
, MAO - RISE TO POWER
Event Details / Significance Historiography
Background - Qing dynasty (foreign aggression) and Warlord Era (mass killings) highlights Mao’s Meisner: Marxism appealing
achievements as seen as rejection of 1)
traditions of Chinese past, and
2) Western domination of
Chinese present
1919 May - Movement in response to Treaty of Versailles - many who founded CCP 1921 were at Mitter: b
irth of Chinese
Fourth protests modern nationalism
1927: - Violent suppression of CCP by GMD → led to N
orthern Expedition to Jiangxi; PLA CCP focused on “proletariat
Shanghai founded wisdom” > ideology (Breslin)
Massacre to suit countryside. (Levine)
Jiangxi Soviets - Soviets quickly g
ained support of people who lived under their rule, due to:
- Land Law - millions of peasants who had not previously owned land now owned land
- Reduced taxes on the land, set up s chools, abolished outmoded practices like a
rranged marriages / footbinding
- Created Peasant Councils to allow communities a say in running their affairs
5th - Mao t ook advantage of Braun’s failures to manoeuvre himself into a leadership position
Extermination - Propaganda → was a s how of strength and bravery to his people
Campaign
1934 - 1935: - Allowed him to u
nite the different Soviets under his leadership + provided GREAT Salisbury: "a g reat human
Long March PROPAGANDA esp crossing of L uting Bridge → inspired the public to support CCP + epic”, but (Revisionist)
boosted morale of army Winchester: no, only
- Zunyi Conference ‘35: resulted in CCP suspending Braun → Mao becomes leader of portrayed as such by
CCP propaganda
Yan’an Soviets - Poverty emphasised positive impact of CCP systems → creation of s pirit of Yan’an Lynch: "Yan'an m
arked a
(1936 - 1948) - → 1940: 90% of CCP consisted of p easants from Northern China major propaganda victory for
- Rectification Movement: (thought reform) created communist culture in Yan’an; the Chinese Communists"
successful in convincing CCP leaders to support Mao → consolidated Mao’s role within
CCP
Contents:
1. Mao - Rise to Power 1. Communism in Crisis - Deng
a. Background a. 1978: Power struggle
b. 1919: May Fourth b. Four Modernisations
c. 1927: Shanghai Massacre c. Political changes under Deng
d. Jiangxi Soviets
e. 5th Extermination Campaign
f. 1934 - 1935: Long March
g. Yan’an Soviets
h. 1936: Xi’an Incident
i. 1937 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War
j. 1945 - 1949: Chinese Civil War
2. Mao - In Power
a. Problems facing China
b. 1950s reforms
c. 1950: Tibet
d. 1950 - 1953: Korean War
e. 1953 - 1957: First Five Year Plan
f. 1954: Gao Gang and Rao Rashi Affair
g. 1956 - 1959: Hundred Flowers and anti-rightist campaign
h. 1958 - 1962: Great Leap Forward
i. 1959 - 1961: The Three Bitter Years
j. 1962 - 1966: Power struggle
k. Socialist Education Movement
l. 1966: Cultural Revolution begins
m. 1971 - 1972: Fall of Lin Biao
n. 1976: Death of Zhou Enlai & Mao
, MAO - RISE TO POWER
Event Details / Significance Historiography
Background - Qing dynasty (foreign aggression) and Warlord Era (mass killings) highlights Mao’s Meisner: Marxism appealing
achievements as seen as rejection of 1)
traditions of Chinese past, and
2) Western domination of
Chinese present
1919 May - Movement in response to Treaty of Versailles - many who founded CCP 1921 were at Mitter: b
irth of Chinese
Fourth protests modern nationalism
1927: - Violent suppression of CCP by GMD → led to N
orthern Expedition to Jiangxi; PLA CCP focused on “proletariat
Shanghai founded wisdom” > ideology (Breslin)
Massacre to suit countryside. (Levine)
Jiangxi Soviets - Soviets quickly g
ained support of people who lived under their rule, due to:
- Land Law - millions of peasants who had not previously owned land now owned land
- Reduced taxes on the land, set up s chools, abolished outmoded practices like a
rranged marriages / footbinding
- Created Peasant Councils to allow communities a say in running their affairs
5th - Mao t ook advantage of Braun’s failures to manoeuvre himself into a leadership position
Extermination - Propaganda → was a s how of strength and bravery to his people
Campaign
1934 - 1935: - Allowed him to u
nite the different Soviets under his leadership + provided GREAT Salisbury: "a g reat human
Long March PROPAGANDA esp crossing of L uting Bridge → inspired the public to support CCP + epic”, but (Revisionist)
boosted morale of army Winchester: no, only
- Zunyi Conference ‘35: resulted in CCP suspending Braun → Mao becomes leader of portrayed as such by
CCP propaganda
Yan’an Soviets - Poverty emphasised positive impact of CCP systems → creation of s pirit of Yan’an Lynch: "Yan'an m
arked a
(1936 - 1948) - → 1940: 90% of CCP consisted of p easants from Northern China major propaganda victory for
- Rectification Movement: (thought reform) created communist culture in Yan’an; the Chinese Communists"
successful in convincing CCP leaders to support Mao → consolidated Mao’s role within
CCP
