b b b
,Chapter01:Aging,Health,andWellness ina GlobalCommunityTouhy: b b d
Ebersole&Hess’TowardHealthyAging,10thEdition
d d d d d d d d
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. WhenaskedbynewparentswhatthelifeexpectancyisfortheirAfricanAmericannewborn,the d d d d d
nurserepliesthat,“2015statisticsindicatethatyourson:
d d d d d d d
a. willhavealifeexpectancyofapproximately65 years.” d
b. canrealisticallyexpecttoliveintohislate80s.” d d d d
c. has a good chanceofcelebratinghis75thbirthday.”
b b d d
d. islikelytoliveintohislate90s.”
d d d d d
ANS: C b
TheoveralllifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin2015was78.8.Thedisparitybetween life
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
expectanciesforblackandwhiteAmericanshasnarrowedsignificantlybetween1999and 2015,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
withthedeath rateforblacks(African Americans)droppingby25%(Officeof Minority Health,
d d d d d d d d d b d
2017).Oftheoptionsabove, C istheonlyresponsethat fitsintothose parameters.The other
d d d d d d d d d d
optionsarenotsupportedbyreliableresearch.
d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
2. Anurseisplanning care foragroupofsuper-centenariansinanassistedlivingfacility.Thenurse b d d d d
considerswhichofthefollowing?
d d d d d
a. Mostsuper-centenarians arefunctionallyindependentorrequireminimal b
assistancewithactivitiesN
d o fUdRaiSlyIlN
ivGinTgB
. d
b. Themajorityofsuper-centenarianshavecognitiveimpairment.
c. Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedtodecreaseincomingyears as a d d b b
resultofheartdiseaseandstroke.
d d d d d
d. It istheorizedthatsuper-centenarianssurvivedaslong astheyhave duetogenetic
b d d d d b b d
mutationsthatmadethemlesssusceptibletocommondiseases.
d d d d d d
ANS: A b
Researchsupportsthatmostsuper-centenariansarefunctionallyandcognitivelyintact, requiring
d d d d d d d d d d
minimalassistancewithADLs.Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedto
d d d d d d d d d d d
increaseincomingyearsasthenumberofolderadultsincreases.Althoughcentenariansstill
d d d
carrygeneticmarkerswithintheirchromosomesforanynumberofhealthproblems,forasyet
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
unknownreasons,thesearenot“activated”untilmuchlater,ifatall,whencomparedwithother
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
persons.
d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b d
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
3. Onereasonwhymany“babyboomers”havemultiplechronicconditionssuch asheart d d b d
disease,diabetes,andarthritisisthat:
d d d d d d
a. theyhavelessaccesstomedicationandothertreatment regimens. d d
b. therewasalackofimportanceplacedonhealthylivingastheyweregrowingup. d d d d d
c. theydid nothaveaccess toimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseasewhen b b d
theywerechildren.
d d
, d. theygrewupinanera oframpantpovertyandmalnutrition. d d d d b d d
ANS: B b
Thebabyboomers,individualsbornbetween1946and 1964,post-WWII,havebetteraccessto d d b d d d
medicationandtreatmentregimensthanothercohorts.Theyhavehadthebenefitofthe
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
developmentofimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseases.Theygrewupinaneraof
d d d d d d d d d d d d
prosperitypost-WWII.However,therewasalackofimportanceplacedonwhatwenow consider
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
healthylivingwhentheywereyounger.Smoking,forexample,wasnotcondoned,but was
d d d d d d d d
consideredasymbolofstatus.Candyintheshapeofcigaretteswaspopular,andtherewas much
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
secondhandsmoke.
d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
4. Anurseisplanningan educationprogram onwellnessin alocalseniorcitizencenter.Thenurse
d d b d b d b d d d d
planstoprovideeducation ontheimportanceofimmunizations, annualphysical examinations,
d d d d d d d d d d
screening fordiabetes,and vision andhearing screening.Itisimportantforthe nurseto
d d d b d d d
understandwhichofthefollowing?
d d d d
a. Less than50%ofolderadults(ages65andolder)utilizeavailablepreventive
b d d d d
services.
d
b. Preventivestrategiesaremorewidelyusedinthe50-64age-groupthaninthe65and d d d d d d
overage-group.
d d
c. Theresearchonhealthpromotionstrategiesinolderadultsdemonstratesthatthey d
havelowefficacy.
d d d
d. Thereisanabundanceofresearchspecifictohealth promotion andaging. d d d b d
ANS: A b
Lessthan50%ofindividuals,ages65andolder,utilizethepreventiveservicesthatare
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
availabletothem.However,only25%ofthosebetweentheagesof50and 64doso.Thereisa
d d d d d b d d
paucityofresearchspecifictohealthpromotionandaging;however,theresearchthatexists
d d d d d d d d d d
demonstratesthathealthpromotionstrategies arehighlyeffective.
d d d d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
5. Anurseis caring foran85-year-oldmaleclientwithdiabetesinacommunitysetting.Thenurse
b b d d b d d
promotesfunctionalwellnessbywhichofthefollowingactivities?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Encouraging theclienttomaintaincurrent levelsofphysicalactivity b d d b
b. Assistingtheclienttoreceiveall therecommended preventivescreeningsthatare b b d
appropriateforhisage-group
d d d d
c. Teachingthepatienthowtousearollingwalkersothathecanambulateforlonger d d d
distances
d
d. Encouragingtheclient to attend hisweeklychessgames b b b
b ANS: A b
, Maintainingexistinglevelsofphysicalactivityisconsistentwithfunctionalwellness.Teaching the
d d d d d d d d d d d
clienthowtousearollingwalkerenablestheclienttoremainactiveatthehighestlevel possible,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
whichis anexampleofpromotingfunctionalwellness.Receiving recommended screeningisan
d d d d d d d d d d d
exampleofpromotingbiologicalwellness.Theuseofarollingwalkershouldbe
d d d d d d d d d d
basedonassessmentofphysicalability.Encouragingtheclient toattendweeklychessgamesis an
d d b d d d d d
exampleofpromotingsocialwellness.
d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
6. Basedonthecensusreportsof2015,thetypicalprofileofacentenarianincludeswhichofthe
d d d d d d d
followingcharacteristics?
d d
a. AnAmerican womanwithnosignsofdementia
d b d d
b. AJapanesewomanwithchronic inflammation d
c. AChinesemanwithanimmunedisorder d
d. AnAmericanmanwhoisalifelongvegetarian d d
ANS: A b
Basedonthe2015U.S.Censusdata,whiletheUnitedStateshashighestnumberof centenarians,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Japanhasoverdoublethenumberrelativetothepopulationasawhole.The relativelylownumber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ofcentenarians (and super-centenarians)withdementia ofsomekind maybeexplainedbythe
d d d d d d d d d d
presenceofsometypeofgeneticneuroprotectivefactors.Whilemost peoplehavenormalage-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
relateddeclinesinimmunefunctioningandincreasesinastate of chronicinflammation,
d d d d d d d d b d
thisdoesnotappeartobethecaseforthis groupoflonglivedpeople.
d d b d
DIF: Cognitive Level:AppNlyUinRgSINGTB T. O
CPO: MIntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning bd d d d d d
d d
d
MSC: ClientNeeds: HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Primarypreventionstrategiesforolderadultsincludewhichofthefollowing?(Selectallthat d d d d
apply.)
d
a. Anannualinfluenzaimmunizationclinic d
b. Asmokingcessationprogram
c. Aprostatescreeningprogram
d. Acardiacrehabilitationprogram d
e. Amealplanningeducationprogramfortype 2 diabetics d d
ANS: A, B b b
Primarypreventionreferstostrategiesthatareusedtopreventanillness beforeitoccurs and d b d b
maintainingwellnessacrossthecontinuumofcare.Immunizationsandsmokingcessationare
d d d d d d d d d d d
examplesofprimaryprevention.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection ofadiseaseora health
d d d b d d d
problemthathasalreadydeveloped.Prostatescreeningisanexampleofsecondary prevention.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Tertiarypreventionaddressestheneedsofindividualswhoalreadyhavetheir wellnesschallenged.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cardiacrehabilitationandmealplanningfordiabetics areexamplesof tertiaryprevention.
d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying d TOP: IntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning d
,Chapter01:Aging,Health,andWellness ina GlobalCommunityTouhy: b b d
Ebersole&Hess’TowardHealthyAging,10thEdition
d d d d d d d d
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. WhenaskedbynewparentswhatthelifeexpectancyisfortheirAfricanAmericannewborn,the d d d d d
nurserepliesthat,“2015statisticsindicatethatyourson:
d d d d d d d
a. willhavealifeexpectancyofapproximately65 years.” d
b. canrealisticallyexpecttoliveintohislate80s.” d d d d
c. has a good chanceofcelebratinghis75thbirthday.”
b b d d
d. islikelytoliveintohislate90s.”
d d d d d
ANS: C b
TheoveralllifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin2015was78.8.Thedisparitybetween life
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
expectanciesforblackandwhiteAmericanshasnarrowedsignificantlybetween1999and 2015,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
withthedeath rateforblacks(African Americans)droppingby25%(Officeof Minority Health,
d d d d d d d d d b d
2017).Oftheoptionsabove, C istheonlyresponsethat fitsintothose parameters.The other
d d d d d d d d d d
optionsarenotsupportedbyreliableresearch.
d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
2. Anurseisplanning care foragroupofsuper-centenariansinanassistedlivingfacility.Thenurse b d d d d
considerswhichofthefollowing?
d d d d d
a. Mostsuper-centenarians arefunctionallyindependentorrequireminimal b
assistancewithactivitiesN
d o fUdRaiSlyIlN
ivGinTgB
. d
b. Themajorityofsuper-centenarianshavecognitiveimpairment.
c. Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedtodecreaseincomingyears as a d d b b
resultofheartdiseaseandstroke.
d d d d d
d. It istheorizedthatsuper-centenarianssurvivedaslong astheyhave duetogenetic
b d d d d b b d
mutationsthatmadethemlesssusceptibletocommondiseases.
d d d d d d
ANS: A b
Researchsupportsthatmostsuper-centenariansarefunctionallyandcognitivelyintact, requiring
d d d d d d d d d d
minimalassistancewithADLs.Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedto
d d d d d d d d d d d
increaseincomingyearsasthenumberofolderadultsincreases.Althoughcentenariansstill
d d d
carrygeneticmarkerswithintheirchromosomesforanynumberofhealthproblems,forasyet
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
unknownreasons,thesearenot“activated”untilmuchlater,ifatall,whencomparedwithother
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
persons.
d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b d
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
3. Onereasonwhymany“babyboomers”havemultiplechronicconditionssuch asheart d d b d
disease,diabetes,andarthritisisthat:
d d d d d d
a. theyhavelessaccesstomedicationandothertreatment regimens. d d
b. therewasalackofimportanceplacedonhealthylivingastheyweregrowingup. d d d d d
c. theydid nothaveaccess toimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseasewhen b b d
theywerechildren.
d d
, d. theygrewupinanera oframpantpovertyandmalnutrition. d d d d b d d
ANS: B b
Thebabyboomers,individualsbornbetween1946and 1964,post-WWII,havebetteraccessto d d b d d d
medicationandtreatmentregimensthanothercohorts.Theyhavehadthebenefitofthe
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
developmentofimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseases.Theygrewupinaneraof
d d d d d d d d d d d d
prosperitypost-WWII.However,therewasalackofimportanceplacedonwhatwenow consider
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
healthylivingwhentheywereyounger.Smoking,forexample,wasnotcondoned,but was
d d d d d d d d
consideredasymbolofstatus.Candyintheshapeofcigaretteswaspopular,andtherewas much
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
secondhandsmoke.
d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
4. Anurseisplanningan educationprogram onwellnessin alocalseniorcitizencenter.Thenurse
d d b d b d b d d d d
planstoprovideeducation ontheimportanceofimmunizations, annualphysical examinations,
d d d d d d d d d d
screening fordiabetes,and vision andhearing screening.Itisimportantforthe nurseto
d d d b d d d
understandwhichofthefollowing?
d d d d
a. Less than50%ofolderadults(ages65andolder)utilizeavailablepreventive
b d d d d
services.
d
b. Preventivestrategiesaremorewidelyusedinthe50-64age-groupthaninthe65and d d d d d d
overage-group.
d d
c. Theresearchonhealthpromotionstrategiesinolderadultsdemonstratesthatthey d
havelowefficacy.
d d d
d. Thereisanabundanceofresearchspecifictohealth promotion andaging. d d d b d
ANS: A b
Lessthan50%ofindividuals,ages65andolder,utilizethepreventiveservicesthatare
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
availabletothem.However,only25%ofthosebetweentheagesof50and 64doso.Thereisa
d d d d d b d d
paucityofresearchspecifictohealthpromotionandaging;however,theresearchthatexists
d d d d d d d d d d
demonstratesthathealthpromotionstrategies arehighlyeffective.
d d d d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
5. Anurseis caring foran85-year-oldmaleclientwithdiabetesinacommunitysetting.Thenurse
b b d d b d d
promotesfunctionalwellnessbywhichofthefollowingactivities?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Encouraging theclienttomaintaincurrent levelsofphysicalactivity b d d b
b. Assistingtheclienttoreceiveall therecommended preventivescreeningsthatare b b d
appropriateforhisage-group
d d d d
c. Teachingthepatienthowtousearollingwalkersothathecanambulateforlonger d d d
distances
d
d. Encouragingtheclient to attend hisweeklychessgames b b b
b ANS: A b
, Maintainingexistinglevelsofphysicalactivityisconsistentwithfunctionalwellness.Teaching the
d d d d d d d d d d d
clienthowtousearollingwalkerenablestheclienttoremainactiveatthehighestlevel possible,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
whichis anexampleofpromotingfunctionalwellness.Receiving recommended screeningisan
d d d d d d d d d d d
exampleofpromotingbiologicalwellness.Theuseofarollingwalkershouldbe
d d d d d d d d d d
basedonassessmentofphysicalability.Encouragingtheclient toattendweeklychessgamesis an
d d b d d d d d
exampleofpromotingsocialwellness.
d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning d d b
MSC: ClientNeeds:HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d d
6. Basedonthecensusreportsof2015,thetypicalprofileofacentenarianincludeswhichofthe
d d d d d d d
followingcharacteristics?
d d
a. AnAmerican womanwithnosignsofdementia
d b d d
b. AJapanesewomanwithchronic inflammation d
c. AChinesemanwithanimmunedisorder d
d. AnAmericanmanwhoisalifelongvegetarian d d
ANS: A b
Basedonthe2015U.S.Censusdata,whiletheUnitedStateshashighestnumberof centenarians,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Japanhasoverdoublethenumberrelativetothepopulationasawhole.The relativelylownumber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ofcentenarians (and super-centenarians)withdementia ofsomekind maybeexplainedbythe
d d d d d d d d d d
presenceofsometypeofgeneticneuroprotectivefactors.Whilemost peoplehavenormalage-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
relateddeclinesinimmunefunctioningandincreasesinastate of chronicinflammation,
d d d d d d d d b d
thisdoesnotappeartobethecaseforthis groupoflonglivedpeople.
d d b d
DIF: Cognitive Level:AppNlyUinRgSINGTB T. O
CPO: MIntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning bd d d d d d
d d
d
MSC: ClientNeeds: HealthPromotionandMaintenance
d d d d d d
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Primarypreventionstrategiesforolderadultsincludewhichofthefollowing?(Selectallthat d d d d
apply.)
d
a. Anannualinfluenzaimmunizationclinic d
b. Asmokingcessationprogram
c. Aprostatescreeningprogram
d. Acardiacrehabilitationprogram d
e. Amealplanningeducationprogramfortype 2 diabetics d d
ANS: A, B b b
Primarypreventionreferstostrategiesthatareusedtopreventanillness beforeitoccurs and d b d b
maintainingwellnessacrossthecontinuumofcare.Immunizationsandsmokingcessationare
d d d d d d d d d d d
examplesofprimaryprevention.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection ofadiseaseora health
d d d b d d d
problemthathasalreadydeveloped.Prostatescreeningisanexampleofsecondary prevention.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Tertiarypreventionaddressestheneedsofindividualswhoalreadyhavetheir wellnesschallenged.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cardiacrehabilitationandmealplanningfordiabetics areexamplesof tertiaryprevention.
d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying d TOP: IntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning d
