IB History Paper 2: Authoritarian States — Mao and Hitler
Contents:
1. Mao - Rise to Power 1. Hitler - Rise to Power (“Machtergreifung”) / Weimar Germany
a. Background a. ‘Sounderweg’: special path
b. 1919: May Fourth b. Product of Germany in crisis
c. 1927: Shanghai Massacre c. Product of pure chance / bad luck
d. Jiangxi Soviets 2. Hitler - Consolidation of Power (“Gleichschaltung”)
e. 5th Extermination Campaign a. Use of law
f. 1934 - 1935: Long March b. Concessions
g. Yan’an Soviets c. Wide appeal
h. 1936: Xi’an Incident d. Terror and intimidation
i. 1937 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War e. 1934: Night of Long Knives
j. 1945 - 1949: Chinese Civil War 3. Hitler - Totalitarian Control
2. Mao - In Power a. Women
a. Problems facing China b. Youth
b. 1950s reforms c. Economic success
c. 1950: Tibet d. Economic failure
d. 1950 - 1953: Korean War e. Restoration of traditional Germany
e. 1953 - 1957: First Five Year Plan f. Hitler’s style of leadership
f. 1954: Gao Gang and Rao Rashi Affair g. Use of terror
g. 1956 - 1959: Hundred Flowers and anti-rightist campaign h. Lack of (successful) opposition
h. 1958 - 1962: Great Leap Forward i. Conclusion
i. 1959 - 1961: The Three Bitter Years
j. 1962 - 1966: Power struggle
k. Socialist Education Movement
l. 1966: Cultural Revolution begins
m. 1971 - 1972: Fall of Lin Biao
n. 1976: Death of Zhou Enlai & Mao
, MAO - RISE TO POWER
Event Details / Significance Historiography
Background - Qing dynasty (foreign aggression) and Warlord Era (mass killings) highlights Mao’s Meisner: Marxism
achievements appealing as seen as
rejection of 1)
traditions of Chinese
past, and 2) Western
domination of
Chinese present
1919 May - Movement in response to Treaty of Versailles - many who founded CCP 1921 were at protests Mitter: birth of
Fourth Chinese modern
nationalism
1927: - Violent suppression of CCP by GMD → led to Northern Expedition to Jiangxi; PLA founded CCP focused on
Shanghai “proletariat wisdom” >
Massacre ideology (Breslin) to
suit countryside.
(Levine)
Jiangxi Soviets - Soviets quickly gained support of people who lived under their rule, due to:
- Land Law - millions of peasants who had not previously owned land now owned land
- Reduced taxes on the land, set up schools, abolished outmoded practices like arranged marriages / footbinding
- Created Peasant Councils to allow communities a say in running their affairs
5th - Mao took advantage of Braun’s failures to manoeuvre himself into a leadership position
Extermination - Propaganda → was a show of strength and bravery to his people
Campaign
1934 - 1935: - Allowed him to unite the different Soviets under his leadership + provided GREAT Salisbury: "a great
Long March PROPAGANDA esp crossing of Luting Bridge → inspired the public to support CCP + boosted human epic”, but
morale of army (Revisionist)
- Zunyi Conference ‘35: resulted in CCP suspending Braun → Mao becomes leader of CCP Winchester: no, only
portrayed as such by
Contents:
1. Mao - Rise to Power 1. Hitler - Rise to Power (“Machtergreifung”) / Weimar Germany
a. Background a. ‘Sounderweg’: special path
b. 1919: May Fourth b. Product of Germany in crisis
c. 1927: Shanghai Massacre c. Product of pure chance / bad luck
d. Jiangxi Soviets 2. Hitler - Consolidation of Power (“Gleichschaltung”)
e. 5th Extermination Campaign a. Use of law
f. 1934 - 1935: Long March b. Concessions
g. Yan’an Soviets c. Wide appeal
h. 1936: Xi’an Incident d. Terror and intimidation
i. 1937 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War e. 1934: Night of Long Knives
j. 1945 - 1949: Chinese Civil War 3. Hitler - Totalitarian Control
2. Mao - In Power a. Women
a. Problems facing China b. Youth
b. 1950s reforms c. Economic success
c. 1950: Tibet d. Economic failure
d. 1950 - 1953: Korean War e. Restoration of traditional Germany
e. 1953 - 1957: First Five Year Plan f. Hitler’s style of leadership
f. 1954: Gao Gang and Rao Rashi Affair g. Use of terror
g. 1956 - 1959: Hundred Flowers and anti-rightist campaign h. Lack of (successful) opposition
h. 1958 - 1962: Great Leap Forward i. Conclusion
i. 1959 - 1961: The Three Bitter Years
j. 1962 - 1966: Power struggle
k. Socialist Education Movement
l. 1966: Cultural Revolution begins
m. 1971 - 1972: Fall of Lin Biao
n. 1976: Death of Zhou Enlai & Mao
, MAO - RISE TO POWER
Event Details / Significance Historiography
Background - Qing dynasty (foreign aggression) and Warlord Era (mass killings) highlights Mao’s Meisner: Marxism
achievements appealing as seen as
rejection of 1)
traditions of Chinese
past, and 2) Western
domination of
Chinese present
1919 May - Movement in response to Treaty of Versailles - many who founded CCP 1921 were at protests Mitter: birth of
Fourth Chinese modern
nationalism
1927: - Violent suppression of CCP by GMD → led to Northern Expedition to Jiangxi; PLA founded CCP focused on
Shanghai “proletariat wisdom” >
Massacre ideology (Breslin) to
suit countryside.
(Levine)
Jiangxi Soviets - Soviets quickly gained support of people who lived under their rule, due to:
- Land Law - millions of peasants who had not previously owned land now owned land
- Reduced taxes on the land, set up schools, abolished outmoded practices like arranged marriages / footbinding
- Created Peasant Councils to allow communities a say in running their affairs
5th - Mao took advantage of Braun’s failures to manoeuvre himself into a leadership position
Extermination - Propaganda → was a show of strength and bravery to his people
Campaign
1934 - 1935: - Allowed him to unite the different Soviets under his leadership + provided GREAT Salisbury: "a great
Long March PROPAGANDA esp crossing of Luting Bridge → inspired the public to support CCP + boosted human epic”, but
morale of army (Revisionist)
- Zunyi Conference ‘35: resulted in CCP suspending Braun → Mao becomes leader of CCP Winchester: no, only
portrayed as such by
