SC 114 Exam #2 fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) | Latest!!

NSC 114 Exam #2 fully solved &
updated 2025-2026(latest version
verified for accuracy) |
2024\2025Latest!!

Critical analysis - QW QW




ANSis the application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea to determine essential i
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nformation and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.
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Socratic questioning - QW QW




ANSa technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize and examine assumptions, se
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arch for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and differentiate what one knows from
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what one merely believes
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Nurses should employ Socratic questioning when reporting about a client's condition and current s
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tatus, reviewing a client's history and progress notes, and planning care.
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How do you know?
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What effect would that have?
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What are the alternatives?
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What would change your mind?
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inductive reasoning - ANSgeneralizations are formed from a set of facts or observations
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deductive reasoning - QW QW




ANSreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying th
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at principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday
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morning.)

Different types of statements - ANSFACTS:
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Can be verified through investigation
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(blood pressure is affected by blood volume)
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INFERENCES:

Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something not c
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urrently known. QW




(If blood volume is decreased the blood pressure will drop)
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JUDGEMENTS:

Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; a type of opinion
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,(it is harmful to the client's health if the blood pressure drops too low)
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OPINIONS:

beliefs formed over time; include judgements that may fit facts or be erroneous
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(nursing interventions can assist in maintaining the client's blood pressure within normal limits)
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Nursing Process - ANSis the method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care
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is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care. it begins wit
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h assessment of the client and sue of clinical reasoning to identify client problems.
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problem solving - QW QW




ANS* mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents an unsteady state.
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* it requires the nurse to obtain information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggest p
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ossible solutions QW




* the nurse carefully evaluates the possible solutions and chooses the best one to implement.
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* the situation is carefully monitored over time to ensure that its initial and continued effectivenes
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s returns the client to a steady state.
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trial and error - ANS* a number of approaches are tried until a solution is found
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* this method used in nursing can be dangerous because the client might suffer harm if an approa
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ch is inappropriate.
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* more common in a home setting due to equipment and lifestyle.
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* ex. when teaching a client to perform a colostomy irrigation, a bent coat hanger hung on the sho
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wer curtain rod provides an appropriate height to perform the irrigation. in the hospital setting a l
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owered IV pole is more likely utilized. QW QW QW QW QW QW




intuition - ANS* problem solving approach that relies on a nurse's inner sense.
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* legitimate aspect of a nursing judgement in the implementation of care.
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* understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning.
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* it is also known as a 6th sense, feeling, instinct, or suspicion.
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clinical judgement - QW QW




ANS* A decision making process to ascertain the right nursing action to be implemented at the ap
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propriate time in the client's care QW QW QW QW QW




* experience is important in improving intuition because the rapidity of the judgement depends on
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the nurse having seen similar client situations many times before.
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research process - ANS* formalized, logical, systematic approach to problem solving
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* it is becoming increasingly important for nurses to identify evidence that supports effective nursi
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ng care. QW

, cognitive process - QW QW




ANS* is the thinking processes based on the knowledge of aspects of client care.
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* cognitive skills are learned through reading and applying health-related literature.
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* cognitive skills are enhanced through the use of critical thought to understand and apply content
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the nurse has previously learned.
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metacognitive processes - QW QW




ANS* include reflective thinking and awareness of the skills learned by the nurse in caring for the
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client

* the nurse reflects on the client's status and throughout the use of critical thinking skills determin
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e the most effective plan of care.
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concept mapping - QW QW




ANS* a technique that uses a graphic depiction of nonlinear and linear relationships to represent
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critical thinking QW




* provides nurses with a link between existing nursing knowledge and new information.
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* foster the demonstration that nurses and health care providers have acquired the body of knowl
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edge and understanding of concepts pertinent to the delivery of safe and effective care.
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Inference - ANSA conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
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clinical reasoning - QW QW




ANSa specific term usually referring to ways of thinking about patient care issues (determining, pr
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eventing, and managing patient problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues (e.g., teamwor
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k, collaboration, and streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking
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Nursing Process purpose and characteristics -
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ANS* to identify a client's health status and actual or potential health care problems or needs, to
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establish plans to meet those needs. The client may be an individual, a family, a community, or a g
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roup.

* characteristics include: client centeredness, focus on problem solving and decision making, interp
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ersonal and collaborative style, and use of critical thinking and clinical reasoning.
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assessment phase of the nursing process - QW QW QW QW QW QW




ANS* continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data.
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* the purpose is to establish a database about the client's response to health concerns or illness a
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nd the ability to manage health care needs.
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* health history
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* physical assessment
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* patient record
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* nursing literature
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*subjective and objective data QW QW QW