Applied Pathophysiology – NUR 376, Concordia St.
Paul (2026/2027) | Final Exam Study Guide PDF
Explain primary prevention
Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people
Explain secondary prevention
"Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before
it spreads
Explain tertiary prevention
"Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has
the condition
What are examples of primary prevention?
Vaccinations and Handwashing
What are examples of secondary prevention?
PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
,What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcer
What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight response?
Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased
respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or light response?
Rest and Digest. Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR,
bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action
Explain the role of the nucleus
control center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body
proteins
Explain the role of the mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
Explain the role of the ribosome
,produces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a
protein
Explain the role of the lysosomes
helps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
Explain the role of the rough ER
folded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps
produce proteins for the cell membrane
Explain the role of the smooth ER
helps the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and
calcium storage
Explain the role of the peroxisome
membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown
hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
Explain the role of the Golgi body
, |
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move
things in and out of cell
Explain passive immunity
the transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides immediate and short term
protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
What are examples of passive immunity?
mom to fetus through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
Explain active immunity
a protective state owing to the immune system response as a result of active infection or
immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term
immunity
What are examples of active immunity?
Vaccinations
Explain what edema is
Paul (2026/2027) | Final Exam Study Guide PDF
Explain primary prevention
Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people
Explain secondary prevention
"Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before
it spreads
Explain tertiary prevention
"Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has
the condition
What are examples of primary prevention?
Vaccinations and Handwashing
What are examples of secondary prevention?
PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
,What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcer
What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight response?
Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased
respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or light response?
Rest and Digest. Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR,
bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action
Explain the role of the nucleus
control center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body
proteins
Explain the role of the mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
Explain the role of the ribosome
,produces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a
protein
Explain the role of the lysosomes
helps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
Explain the role of the rough ER
folded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps
produce proteins for the cell membrane
Explain the role of the smooth ER
helps the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and
calcium storage
Explain the role of the peroxisome
membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown
hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
Explain the role of the Golgi body
, |
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move
things in and out of cell
Explain passive immunity
the transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides immediate and short term
protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
What are examples of passive immunity?
mom to fetus through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
Explain active immunity
a protective state owing to the immune system response as a result of active infection or
immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term
immunity
What are examples of active immunity?
Vaccinations
Explain what edema is
