NR 324 EXAM 1 FULL SOLUTION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Cardiac output Answer: amount of blood pumped by each
ventricle each minute. 4-8L of blood per minute. Decreased CO=
something is wrong with your heart.
◉ Why do you have fatigue if you have an ineffective cardiac output?
Answer: Because you have a lack of oxygenated blood flowing
throughout your body.
◉ preload Answer: volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of
diastole
◉ afterload Answer: tissue resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump blood
◉ contractility Answer: how effectively the heart is able to contract.
◉ Blood pressure Answer: is highly individualized
◉ all arteries carry oxygenated blood except Answer: the pulmonary
artery
,◉ all veins carry deoxygenated blood except Answer: the pulmonary
vein
◉ Why is blood in arteries bright red and blood in veins ashy
Answer: arteries carry oxygenated blood, veins cary deoxygenated
blood
◉ arteries vs veins Answer: arteries are deeper and thicker because
they carry oxygenated blood. Veins are more superficial and thinner
◉ Sympathetic nervous system Answer: decreases HR
◉ parasympathetic Answer: increases HR
◉ Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors Answer: also help regulate HR
◉ Blood pressure = Answer: CO X SYSTEMIC VASCULAR
RESISTANCE
◉ When taking a BP Answer: make sure person is sitting and arm is
at chest. Make sure you have the appropriate sized cuff.
, ◉ If you get a bad BP reading what should you do? Answer: Check
other extremities first.
◉ If heart rate is high and blood pressure is low, what is most likely
happening? Answer: Hypovolemic shock- the patient is losing blood
somewhere in the body
◉ What do you use if you cannot auscultate a blood pressure?
Answer: doppler
◉ pulse pressure Answer: the difference between systolic and
diastolic
◉ What are two reasons HTN is more common in older adults?
Answer: Blood vessels are less elastic, and valves become thicker
and more stiff and do not work as well
◉ beta adrenergic (spelling? ) receptors Answer: responsible for
vasoconstriction
◉ Orthostatic HTN in older adults Answer: very common... do not
get them up too fast, let them dangle their feet on the edge of the bed
first.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Cardiac output Answer: amount of blood pumped by each
ventricle each minute. 4-8L of blood per minute. Decreased CO=
something is wrong with your heart.
◉ Why do you have fatigue if you have an ineffective cardiac output?
Answer: Because you have a lack of oxygenated blood flowing
throughout your body.
◉ preload Answer: volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of
diastole
◉ afterload Answer: tissue resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump blood
◉ contractility Answer: how effectively the heart is able to contract.
◉ Blood pressure Answer: is highly individualized
◉ all arteries carry oxygenated blood except Answer: the pulmonary
artery
,◉ all veins carry deoxygenated blood except Answer: the pulmonary
vein
◉ Why is blood in arteries bright red and blood in veins ashy
Answer: arteries carry oxygenated blood, veins cary deoxygenated
blood
◉ arteries vs veins Answer: arteries are deeper and thicker because
they carry oxygenated blood. Veins are more superficial and thinner
◉ Sympathetic nervous system Answer: decreases HR
◉ parasympathetic Answer: increases HR
◉ Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors Answer: also help regulate HR
◉ Blood pressure = Answer: CO X SYSTEMIC VASCULAR
RESISTANCE
◉ When taking a BP Answer: make sure person is sitting and arm is
at chest. Make sure you have the appropriate sized cuff.
, ◉ If you get a bad BP reading what should you do? Answer: Check
other extremities first.
◉ If heart rate is high and blood pressure is low, what is most likely
happening? Answer: Hypovolemic shock- the patient is losing blood
somewhere in the body
◉ What do you use if you cannot auscultate a blood pressure?
Answer: doppler
◉ pulse pressure Answer: the difference between systolic and
diastolic
◉ What are two reasons HTN is more common in older adults?
Answer: Blood vessels are less elastic, and valves become thicker
and more stiff and do not work as well
◉ beta adrenergic (spelling? ) receptors Answer: responsible for
vasoconstriction
◉ Orthostatic HTN in older adults Answer: very common... do not
get them up too fast, let them dangle their feet on the edge of the bed
first.
