NR 324 EXAM 1 FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ pH. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ low pH. Answer: acidic
◉ high pH. Answer: alkalosis
◉ pa CO2. Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
◉ HCO3. Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ respiratory acidosis. Answer: low pH, high co2, normal
bicarbonate
◉ causes of respiratory acidosis. Answer: respiratory depression
from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure, airway
obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion like
pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
,◉ signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis. Answer: hypoventilation
(hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP, skin/mucous
pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, drowsiness,
dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
◉ Nursing management of respiratory acidosis. Answer: ventilator,
arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions, high-dose
oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the release of
CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers position,
clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
◉ respiratory alkalosis. Answer: high pH, low co2 and normal
bicarbonate
◉ causes of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: high pH, low co2 and
hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli, hypoxia, fever,
pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
◉ signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: seizures,
deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease BP,
hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion,
light headedness, N/V
◉ nursing management of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: kidneys
retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
, monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
◉ metabolic acidosis. Answer: low ph, normal co2 and low
bicarbonate
◉ metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms. Answer: compensatory
hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased BP,
hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V, changes
in LOC,
◉ causes of metabolic acidosis. Answer: low ph/low bicarbonate,
diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and renal
failure
◉ what goes up in acidosis. Answer: potassium
◉ metabolic acidosis nursing management. Answer: BUN,
creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down,
weights, vitals
◉ metabolic alkalosis. Answer: high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ pH. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ low pH. Answer: acidic
◉ high pH. Answer: alkalosis
◉ pa CO2. Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
◉ HCO3. Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ respiratory acidosis. Answer: low pH, high co2, normal
bicarbonate
◉ causes of respiratory acidosis. Answer: respiratory depression
from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure, airway
obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion like
pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
,◉ signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis. Answer: hypoventilation
(hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP, skin/mucous
pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, drowsiness,
dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
◉ Nursing management of respiratory acidosis. Answer: ventilator,
arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions, high-dose
oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the release of
CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers position,
clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
◉ respiratory alkalosis. Answer: high pH, low co2 and normal
bicarbonate
◉ causes of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: high pH, low co2 and
hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli, hypoxia, fever,
pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
◉ signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: seizures,
deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease BP,
hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion,
light headedness, N/V
◉ nursing management of respiratory alkalosis. Answer: kidneys
retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
, monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
◉ metabolic acidosis. Answer: low ph, normal co2 and low
bicarbonate
◉ metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms. Answer: compensatory
hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased BP,
hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V, changes
in LOC,
◉ causes of metabolic acidosis. Answer: low ph/low bicarbonate,
diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and renal
failure
◉ what goes up in acidosis. Answer: potassium
◉ metabolic acidosis nursing management. Answer: BUN,
creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down,
weights, vitals
◉ metabolic alkalosis. Answer: high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
