1|Page
NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ||
ACCURATE AND FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE WITH EXPERT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? - ANSWER:
the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and their substrates
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the stomach may
not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this strategy? - ANSWER:
decreased protein digestion
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - ANSWER: trehalose
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? - ANSWER: by
absorbing/interacting with lipids
Functional fiber is currently defined as - ANSWER: carbohydrates that are
nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or manufactured and
have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - ANSWER: kidney beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein quality? -
ANSWER: Casein
,2|Page
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? - ANSWER:
Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells, neutrophils, and
macrophages. - ANSWER: inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. - ANSWER:
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP generation. - ANSWER: Mitochondria
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids, lowering
both bicarbonate and pH. - ANSWER: Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity. - ANSWER: B Lymphocytes
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx and cell
swelling. - ANSWER: Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing fever.
- ANSWER: Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-producing beta
cells in the pancreas. - ANSWER: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
,3|Page
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the inflamed
area. - ANSWER: Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - ANSWER: Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? - ANSWER:
Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - ANSWER: ghrelin
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - ANSWER: psyllium
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum lipid
concentrations? - ANSWER: barley β-glucan and methylcellulose
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - ANSWER: by inhibiting the activity
of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if the product
contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for fiber? - ANSWER: 20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the small
intestine? - ANSWER: celiac disease
, 4|Page
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - ANSWER: cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the theory. - ANSWER: chemiosmotic
In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur? - ANSWER:
mintochondrion
Urea synthesis occurs partly in the mitochondria and partly in the cytosol of the
. - ANSWER: hepatocytes
The branched-chain amino acids found in the systemic circulation include .
- ANSWER: valine, leucine, isoleucine
In which metabolic pathway do branching enzymes play a key role? - ANSWER:
glycogenesis
Membrane lipid bilayers consist primarily of . - ANSWER: phospholipids
Pancreatic cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for digestion in the
small intestine. Which organelle(s) is/are necessary for the delivery of digestive
enzymes by the pancreatic cells? - ANSWER: endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus
Which of the following benefits provided by fiber is linked with colon cancer? -
ANSWER: fiber reduces bile concentration, dilutes intestinal contents, and reduces
colonic transit time
Where are disaccharides synthesized? - ANSWER: enterocyte
NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ||
ACCURATE AND FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE WITH EXPERT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? - ANSWER:
the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and their substrates
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the stomach may
not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this strategy? - ANSWER:
decreased protein digestion
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - ANSWER: trehalose
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? - ANSWER: by
absorbing/interacting with lipids
Functional fiber is currently defined as - ANSWER: carbohydrates that are
nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or manufactured and
have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - ANSWER: kidney beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein quality? -
ANSWER: Casein
,2|Page
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? - ANSWER:
Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells, neutrophils, and
macrophages. - ANSWER: inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. - ANSWER:
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP generation. - ANSWER: Mitochondria
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids, lowering
both bicarbonate and pH. - ANSWER: Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity. - ANSWER: B Lymphocytes
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx and cell
swelling. - ANSWER: Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing fever.
- ANSWER: Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-producing beta
cells in the pancreas. - ANSWER: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
,3|Page
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the inflamed
area. - ANSWER: Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - ANSWER: Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? - ANSWER:
Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - ANSWER: ghrelin
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - ANSWER: psyllium
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum lipid
concentrations? - ANSWER: barley β-glucan and methylcellulose
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - ANSWER: by inhibiting the activity
of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if the product
contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for fiber? - ANSWER: 20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the small
intestine? - ANSWER: celiac disease
, 4|Page
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - ANSWER: cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the theory. - ANSWER: chemiosmotic
In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur? - ANSWER:
mintochondrion
Urea synthesis occurs partly in the mitochondria and partly in the cytosol of the
. - ANSWER: hepatocytes
The branched-chain amino acids found in the systemic circulation include .
- ANSWER: valine, leucine, isoleucine
In which metabolic pathway do branching enzymes play a key role? - ANSWER:
glycogenesis
Membrane lipid bilayers consist primarily of . - ANSWER: phospholipids
Pancreatic cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for digestion in the
small intestine. Which organelle(s) is/are necessary for the delivery of digestive
enzymes by the pancreatic cells? - ANSWER: endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus
Which of the following benefits provided by fiber is linked with colon cancer? -
ANSWER: fiber reduces bile concentration, dilutes intestinal contents, and reduces
colonic transit time
Where are disaccharides synthesized? - ANSWER: enterocyte
