NRS 3012 - QUIZ 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
Ethical Studies - Answers these studies protect subjects/participants and are carried out using
scientific principles
upublished research and research conducted in clinical settings - Answers Nurses and nursing
students need the ability to critically appraise the ethical aspects of...
Nazi medical experiments (1933 - 1945): - Answers the Third Reich engaged in unethical
"medical" research on POWs, persons with disabilities, and other people in the concentration
camps. Generated little, if any, scientific knowledge.
Tuskegee syphilis study (1932 - 1972): - Answers the US Public Health Service conducted a study
of the natural history of syphilis in Black men in Tuskegee, AL. The study continued after
penicillin was found to be effective (1940s) and the CDC allowed it to continue in 1969.
Willowbrook Study (Staten Island, NY; 1950s to 1970s): - Answers research on hepatitis was
conducted at an institution for mentally disabled children. Children were injected with the
hepatitis virus.
Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital study (NY City 1960s): - Answers older patients with chronic
illnesses were deliberately injected with live cancer cells to determine their "rejection
response." Neither the patients, nor the physicians caring for them were informed that they
were taking part in the study.
unethical research - Answers this type of research has left a legacy of people who mistrust
health-related research
History of Ethical Standards for Research - Answers Incldues:
Nuremberg Code (1949), Declaration of Helsinki (1964),
and Belmont Report by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979)
Nuremberg Code (1949) - Answers after Nuremberg Trial = emphasized voluntary consent,
guidelines related to protecting subjects from harm, and other ethical concepts.
Declaration of Helsinki (1964) - Answers major focus = clarified the differences between
therapeutic (potential benefit) versus non-therapeutic research (generates knowledge for
science).
Belmont Report by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979) - Answers was formed after the Tuskegee Syphyilis
, Study was exposed. The report identified ethical principles that must be followed regarding
obtaining subjects for studies.
Ethical Principles that Guide Ethical Research - Answers 1. Principle of Respect for Persons
2. Principle of Beneficence
3.Principle of justice
Principle of Respect for Persons - Answers = treated as autonomous agents.
- Right to choose (to participate or not and to withdraw)
- No coercion
- Full disclosure, no deception
- Voluntary consent
- Vulnerable populations/persons with diminished autonomy (related to decision making)
Groups included as people with diminished autonomy (susceptible to undue influence or
coercion) - Answers Includes:
- Neonates and children (= not adults: cannot give consent)
- Terminally ill subjects
- Prisoners
- Educationally and/or economically disadvantaged
- Persons with AD/traumatic brain injury/under the effects of anesthesia
Principle of Beneficence - Answers - Promote good; Do no harm
- Minimizes risks and assures benefits
- Freedom from exploitation
- Disseminating the findings so that maximum scientific benefit can be gained.
Principle of justice - Answers Includes:
- Fairness; right to fair treatment (even if the person chooses not to participate)
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria must have scientific or logical explanations
The Human Rights that Require Protection in Research - Answers Includes:
Ethical Studies - Answers these studies protect subjects/participants and are carried out using
scientific principles
upublished research and research conducted in clinical settings - Answers Nurses and nursing
students need the ability to critically appraise the ethical aspects of...
Nazi medical experiments (1933 - 1945): - Answers the Third Reich engaged in unethical
"medical" research on POWs, persons with disabilities, and other people in the concentration
camps. Generated little, if any, scientific knowledge.
Tuskegee syphilis study (1932 - 1972): - Answers the US Public Health Service conducted a study
of the natural history of syphilis in Black men in Tuskegee, AL. The study continued after
penicillin was found to be effective (1940s) and the CDC allowed it to continue in 1969.
Willowbrook Study (Staten Island, NY; 1950s to 1970s): - Answers research on hepatitis was
conducted at an institution for mentally disabled children. Children were injected with the
hepatitis virus.
Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital study (NY City 1960s): - Answers older patients with chronic
illnesses were deliberately injected with live cancer cells to determine their "rejection
response." Neither the patients, nor the physicians caring for them were informed that they
were taking part in the study.
unethical research - Answers this type of research has left a legacy of people who mistrust
health-related research
History of Ethical Standards for Research - Answers Incldues:
Nuremberg Code (1949), Declaration of Helsinki (1964),
and Belmont Report by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979)
Nuremberg Code (1949) - Answers after Nuremberg Trial = emphasized voluntary consent,
guidelines related to protecting subjects from harm, and other ethical concepts.
Declaration of Helsinki (1964) - Answers major focus = clarified the differences between
therapeutic (potential benefit) versus non-therapeutic research (generates knowledge for
science).
Belmont Report by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979) - Answers was formed after the Tuskegee Syphyilis
, Study was exposed. The report identified ethical principles that must be followed regarding
obtaining subjects for studies.
Ethical Principles that Guide Ethical Research - Answers 1. Principle of Respect for Persons
2. Principle of Beneficence
3.Principle of justice
Principle of Respect for Persons - Answers = treated as autonomous agents.
- Right to choose (to participate or not and to withdraw)
- No coercion
- Full disclosure, no deception
- Voluntary consent
- Vulnerable populations/persons with diminished autonomy (related to decision making)
Groups included as people with diminished autonomy (susceptible to undue influence or
coercion) - Answers Includes:
- Neonates and children (= not adults: cannot give consent)
- Terminally ill subjects
- Prisoners
- Educationally and/or economically disadvantaged
- Persons with AD/traumatic brain injury/under the effects of anesthesia
Principle of Beneficence - Answers - Promote good; Do no harm
- Minimizes risks and assures benefits
- Freedom from exploitation
- Disseminating the findings so that maximum scientific benefit can be gained.
Principle of justice - Answers Includes:
- Fairness; right to fair treatment (even if the person chooses not to participate)
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria must have scientific or logical explanations
The Human Rights that Require Protection in Research - Answers Includes:
