OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT-
LEARNERS AND LEARNING SCIENCE
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS & EXACT
CORRECT ANSWERS ALL PASSED
acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER learning new information by actively paying attention
and engaging with the material
consolidation - CORRECT ANSWER organizing and reinforcing new information by
connecting it to what you already know and practicing it to better remember it
short-term memory (STM) - CORRECT ANSWER a mental space that temporarily
holds a small amount of information for a short time, usually a few seconds to a minute
long-term memory (LTM) - CORRECT ANSWER the storage of information for a long
time, including knowledge, skills, and experiences
sensorimotor stage - CORRECT ANSWER infants (0-2 years old) explore through
senses and actions, developing an understanding of object permanence and laying
cognitive foundations
object permanence - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that something still exists
even though it cannot be seen or heard
trust v. mistrust stage - CORRECT ANSWER infants learn to rely on caregivers for their
basic needs, fostering trust while inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to
mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety about their environment
autonomy v. shame/doubt stage - CORRECT ANSWER the shame and doubt stage
involves a child's journey toward independence and decision-making
sensory exploration - CORRECT ANSWER involves activities that engage the senses
—touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste—helping children explore and understand the
world around them
fine motor skills - CORRECT ANSWER fine motor skills involve tiny muscles working
with the brain and nervous system to control movements in areas like the hands,
fingers, lips, tongue, and eyes
, initiative v. guilt stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between ages 3 and 6 display
increased assertiveness by taking the lead in play and engaging in social interactions
more actively
preoperational stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between the ages of 2 and 7
years old think symbolically, using symbols to represent words, objects, images,
individuals, and concepts, enabling the capacity to mimic behavior through imitation
egocentric - CORRECT ANSWER demonstrating a cognitive inclination where
individuals find it challenging to acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER when the teacher breaks down complex concepts
into small, more manageable steps helping children along the way
conservation - CORRECT ANSWER understanding that certain physical attributes of
objects—such as quantity, mass, volume, and number—remain constant even when
their appearance or arrangement changes
industry v. inferiority stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between the ages 5 and 12
develop a growing sense of competence and accomplishment as they develop a greater
understanding of their capabilities and limitations
concrete operational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in children between ages 7 and 11,
thinking becomes more logical, organized, and systematic
reversibility - CORRECT ANSWER to mentally undo actions or operations; allows
individuals to understand that certain processes can be reversed to return to their
original sta
classification - CORRECT ANSWER to categorize objects, events, or concepts based
on common attributes or characteristics, enabling children to organize and make sense
of their environment
puberty - CORRECT ANSWER typically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes
such as the development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and
alterations in body composition
identity v. role confusion stage - CORRECT ANSWER adolescents between the ages
of 12-17 engage in the exploration and formation of personal identity, including values,
beliefs, and aspirations
formal operational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in adolescents between ages 12 and
17, thinking becomes more abstract, complex, and systematic
learning theories - CORRECT ANSWER conceptual frameworks that explain how
individuals acquire knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
LEARNERS AND LEARNING SCIENCE
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS & EXACT
CORRECT ANSWERS ALL PASSED
acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER learning new information by actively paying attention
and engaging with the material
consolidation - CORRECT ANSWER organizing and reinforcing new information by
connecting it to what you already know and practicing it to better remember it
short-term memory (STM) - CORRECT ANSWER a mental space that temporarily
holds a small amount of information for a short time, usually a few seconds to a minute
long-term memory (LTM) - CORRECT ANSWER the storage of information for a long
time, including knowledge, skills, and experiences
sensorimotor stage - CORRECT ANSWER infants (0-2 years old) explore through
senses and actions, developing an understanding of object permanence and laying
cognitive foundations
object permanence - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that something still exists
even though it cannot be seen or heard
trust v. mistrust stage - CORRECT ANSWER infants learn to rely on caregivers for their
basic needs, fostering trust while inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to
mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety about their environment
autonomy v. shame/doubt stage - CORRECT ANSWER the shame and doubt stage
involves a child's journey toward independence and decision-making
sensory exploration - CORRECT ANSWER involves activities that engage the senses
—touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste—helping children explore and understand the
world around them
fine motor skills - CORRECT ANSWER fine motor skills involve tiny muscles working
with the brain and nervous system to control movements in areas like the hands,
fingers, lips, tongue, and eyes
, initiative v. guilt stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between ages 3 and 6 display
increased assertiveness by taking the lead in play and engaging in social interactions
more actively
preoperational stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between the ages of 2 and 7
years old think symbolically, using symbols to represent words, objects, images,
individuals, and concepts, enabling the capacity to mimic behavior through imitation
egocentric - CORRECT ANSWER demonstrating a cognitive inclination where
individuals find it challenging to acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER when the teacher breaks down complex concepts
into small, more manageable steps helping children along the way
conservation - CORRECT ANSWER understanding that certain physical attributes of
objects—such as quantity, mass, volume, and number—remain constant even when
their appearance or arrangement changes
industry v. inferiority stage - CORRECT ANSWER children between the ages 5 and 12
develop a growing sense of competence and accomplishment as they develop a greater
understanding of their capabilities and limitations
concrete operational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in children between ages 7 and 11,
thinking becomes more logical, organized, and systematic
reversibility - CORRECT ANSWER to mentally undo actions or operations; allows
individuals to understand that certain processes can be reversed to return to their
original sta
classification - CORRECT ANSWER to categorize objects, events, or concepts based
on common attributes or characteristics, enabling children to organize and make sense
of their environment
puberty - CORRECT ANSWER typically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes
such as the development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and
alterations in body composition
identity v. role confusion stage - CORRECT ANSWER adolescents between the ages
of 12-17 engage in the exploration and formation of personal identity, including values,
beliefs, and aspirations
formal operational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in adolescents between ages 12 and
17, thinking becomes more abstract, complex, and systematic
learning theories - CORRECT ANSWER conceptual frameworks that explain how
individuals acquire knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
