CLINICAL CASES EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
pulmonary embolism - Answer- blood clot travels from another part of the body (usually
leg) and lodges into artery.
can also be caused by fat leaking into blood stream from broken bone marrow
leukemia - Answer- blood cancer
patients often need bone marrow transplant because mainly RBCs (erythrocytes) are
lacking & made in the bone marrow.
Mainly RBCs are lacking causing too many WBCs (leukocytes) thus leukemia.
periosteum - Answer- outside layer of bone where we feel pain in our bones.
For those with leukemia, samples need to be taken from inside the bone and people
can feel their periosteom being touched.
osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer- individuals have weak bones due to not enough
collagen.
inside the bone is all tribuculae and can break like glass.
sometimes individuals may not be able to breathe due to bones crushing lungs and
heart. blue sclera (eye) = another symptom.
parathyroid hormone on bone growth - Answer- stimulates osteoblasts/clasts, increases
circulating Ca2+
thyroid hormone on bone growth - Answer- produces calciton: inhibits osteoclasts and
breakdown of bone tissue by decreasing Ca2+ through increasing loss in urine and
removing Ca2+ from blood / preventing it from being removed from bone
produces thyroxine: maintains normal activity in epiphyseal region
pituitary gland - Answer- produces growth hormone, maintains normal activity in
epiphyseal region
, estrogen and testosterone - Answer- stimulates osteoblast activity which produces bone
faster than epiphyseal expansion. bone growth stops at age 25.
menopause - Answer- estrogen decreases in women after menopause and this
increases the likelihood of osteoperosis
bone remodeling - Answer- bones can change shape in repsonse to environmental
condiitons
ex: braces can change shape of tooth sockets
bone injury and repair: - Answer- when a bone breaks
1. bleeding occurs and HEMATOME (clot)
2. fibroblasts make collagen fibers and chondroblasts make fibrocartilage which makes
up a SOFT CALLOUS.
3. spongy bone network forms and replaces the soft callous. the cartilage slowly
becomes bone (HARD CALLOUS)
4. REMODELING: there is initial swelling but signs of fracture dissipate with time and
compact bone is shaped where needed.
paget's disease - Answer- chronic bone disease that disrupts bone repair/remodeling.
disrupts replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
osteopenia - Answer- loss of bone density and bone mass due to decreased ossification
(aging so less osteoblasts formation but same osteoclasts) bones become porous
because osteoclasts>osteoblasts
osteoperosis - Answer- metabolic disorder, a more severe form of osteopenia.
bone loss is happening faster than bone creation, common for white and asian women
esp after menopause
risks: thin body, smoking, low dietary Ca2+
herniated disk - Answer- disk ruptures and inside gel (pulposus) leaks out. loss of
vertebral disk space (this loss also causes people to shrink with age)
spina bafida - Answer- malfunction with the vertebral arch where it fails to close
completely
lumbar sticks out of infants back
terrible neurological injury & why women need to take prenatal medication
metal sutures - Answer- during open heart surgery, sternum is opened and metal
sutures are used to close it (stay there forever)
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
pulmonary embolism - Answer- blood clot travels from another part of the body (usually
leg) and lodges into artery.
can also be caused by fat leaking into blood stream from broken bone marrow
leukemia - Answer- blood cancer
patients often need bone marrow transplant because mainly RBCs (erythrocytes) are
lacking & made in the bone marrow.
Mainly RBCs are lacking causing too many WBCs (leukocytes) thus leukemia.
periosteum - Answer- outside layer of bone where we feel pain in our bones.
For those with leukemia, samples need to be taken from inside the bone and people
can feel their periosteom being touched.
osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer- individuals have weak bones due to not enough
collagen.
inside the bone is all tribuculae and can break like glass.
sometimes individuals may not be able to breathe due to bones crushing lungs and
heart. blue sclera (eye) = another symptom.
parathyroid hormone on bone growth - Answer- stimulates osteoblasts/clasts, increases
circulating Ca2+
thyroid hormone on bone growth - Answer- produces calciton: inhibits osteoclasts and
breakdown of bone tissue by decreasing Ca2+ through increasing loss in urine and
removing Ca2+ from blood / preventing it from being removed from bone
produces thyroxine: maintains normal activity in epiphyseal region
pituitary gland - Answer- produces growth hormone, maintains normal activity in
epiphyseal region
, estrogen and testosterone - Answer- stimulates osteoblast activity which produces bone
faster than epiphyseal expansion. bone growth stops at age 25.
menopause - Answer- estrogen decreases in women after menopause and this
increases the likelihood of osteoperosis
bone remodeling - Answer- bones can change shape in repsonse to environmental
condiitons
ex: braces can change shape of tooth sockets
bone injury and repair: - Answer- when a bone breaks
1. bleeding occurs and HEMATOME (clot)
2. fibroblasts make collagen fibers and chondroblasts make fibrocartilage which makes
up a SOFT CALLOUS.
3. spongy bone network forms and replaces the soft callous. the cartilage slowly
becomes bone (HARD CALLOUS)
4. REMODELING: there is initial swelling but signs of fracture dissipate with time and
compact bone is shaped where needed.
paget's disease - Answer- chronic bone disease that disrupts bone repair/remodeling.
disrupts replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
osteopenia - Answer- loss of bone density and bone mass due to decreased ossification
(aging so less osteoblasts formation but same osteoclasts) bones become porous
because osteoclasts>osteoblasts
osteoperosis - Answer- metabolic disorder, a more severe form of osteopenia.
bone loss is happening faster than bone creation, common for white and asian women
esp after menopause
risks: thin body, smoking, low dietary Ca2+
herniated disk - Answer- disk ruptures and inside gel (pulposus) leaks out. loss of
vertebral disk space (this loss also causes people to shrink with age)
spina bafida - Answer- malfunction with the vertebral arch where it fails to close
completely
lumbar sticks out of infants back
terrible neurological injury & why women need to take prenatal medication
metal sutures - Answer- during open heart surgery, sternum is opened and metal
sutures are used to close it (stay there forever)
