Ncsf Practice Test 1 With
2025/2026
________ is a measurement of the body's ability to extract oxygen from blood, and is
quantifiable adaptation response associated with aerobic exercise programs. - A. cardiac output
B. (a-v)O2 difference
(B) - The (a-v)O2 difference is defined as the difference in oxygen concentration between
arterial blood and venous blood. During exercise, the efficiency of the body's oxygen extraction
system can be measured by determining the amount of oxygen transferred through the
capillaries and used by working tissue. Improvements in the (a-v)O2 difference occur following
aerobic training as the increased oxygen demands of the exercising muscles promotes increased
capillary and mitochondrial density.
C. stroke volume
D. ejection fraction
________ is defined as an insufficient supply of O2 to a given tissue(s). - A. cardiac output
B. ischemia
(B) - Ischemia is defined as an insufficient supply of O2 to tissues, which may result acutely
from intense training or chronically from disease. Ischemia is also evident when restricted blood
flow to the heart brings about chest pain (angina pectoris) or restricted delivery to the legs
,causes pain from peripheral vascular disease (most associated with diabetes). Routine aerobic
training has been shown to improve myocardial ischemia by improving both coronary blood
flow and oxygen utilization within the cardiac tissue.
C. atherosclerosis
D. hypertension
__________ represents the standard deviation for the Heart Rate Max formula, which is an
important consideration when writing aerobic exercise programs. - A. 2-3 beats/min
B. 5-8 beats/min
C. 10-12 beats/min
(C) - 10-12 beats/min represents the standard deviation for the Heart Rate Max (HRM) formula
which is an important consideration for setting intensities during aerobic training. About 68% of
people will have a maximal heart rate within 10-12 beats of the estimated number, 95% will
have a maximal heart rate within 20-24 beats, and 99.7% of people should have a maximal
heart rate within 30-36 beats. While the HRM formula is used for most individuals, it does
assume that everyone of a certain age has the same maximal heart rate, which is a dependent
variable and therefore not actually true.
D. 15-18 beats/min
A client had a shoulder injury that required surgery and rehabilitation with a physical therapist.
When cleared for exercise, the recommendation from the physical therapist was to continue to
strengthen the subscapularis and infraspinatus muscles. Which exercise would help achieve this
goal? - A. incline bench press
B. close grip lat pull-down
,C. cable internal/external shoulder rotation
(C) - Cable internal/external shoulder rotation exercises, performed either on a cable machine
or with bands, are applicable exercises to strengthen the subscapularis (internal rotator) and
infraspinatus (external rotator) muscles. Internal rotation, when performed correctly, will target
the subscapularis; while external rotation will target the infraspinatus and teres minor.
D. side raise
A client mentions that she is experiencing pain in her right knee during the extension phase of
the lunge during repeat sets of the exercise. What is the correct course of action? - A. have the
client decrease the range of motion during the remaining set
B. stop the exercise session and refer her to a medical professional
C. stop performing the exercise, document the issue and avoid knee loading for the rest of the
session
(C) - When a client experiences pain during a specific movement, the correct course of action is
to stop performing the activity, document the issue and avoid loading the site of pain.
D. inform the client that discomfort during resistance training is normal and it will subside
A decrease in the size of fast-twitch muscle fibers ____________. - A. does not occur
B. is a potential negative result of higher-volume aerobic training
(B) - Higher-volume aerobic training will cause adaptation adjustments for improved
endurance. This promotes slow-twitch fiber (type I) recruitment, and consequently reduces the
recruitment and size of fast-twitch fibers. Performing anaerobic training aimed at increasing
tension within the muscle can help slow this process.
, C. occurs when strength training is performed less than 4 days/week
D. is a positive adaptation associated with speed training as it reduces weight
A food label for a nutritional bar indicates that it contains 7 grams of fat. If the entire bar is
eaten, how many calories of fat will be consumed? - A. 7 calories
B. 28 calories
C. 63 calories
(C) - If the food label on a bar lists 7 grams of fat, and the entire bar is consumed (1 serving), the
total number of calories consumed will be 63 since every gram of fat yields 9 calories (7 x 9 =
63). Carbohydrates and protein both yield 4 calories per gram, while alcohol yields 7 calories per
gram.
D. 112 calories
A majority of back injuries from incorrect lifting and movement mechanics occur between
which segments of the spine? - A. cervical and thoracic
B. thoracic and lumbar
C. lumbar and sacral
(C) - The lumbar and sacral segments (L4-L5, L5-S1) of the spine experience the majority of back
injuries because they have the greatest capacity for movement. Improper movement patterns
during resistance training can cause compressive forces anteriorly, posteriorly and/or laterally;
resulting in direct lower back injuries.
2025/2026
________ is a measurement of the body's ability to extract oxygen from blood, and is
quantifiable adaptation response associated with aerobic exercise programs. - A. cardiac output
B. (a-v)O2 difference
(B) - The (a-v)O2 difference is defined as the difference in oxygen concentration between
arterial blood and venous blood. During exercise, the efficiency of the body's oxygen extraction
system can be measured by determining the amount of oxygen transferred through the
capillaries and used by working tissue. Improvements in the (a-v)O2 difference occur following
aerobic training as the increased oxygen demands of the exercising muscles promotes increased
capillary and mitochondrial density.
C. stroke volume
D. ejection fraction
________ is defined as an insufficient supply of O2 to a given tissue(s). - A. cardiac output
B. ischemia
(B) - Ischemia is defined as an insufficient supply of O2 to tissues, which may result acutely
from intense training or chronically from disease. Ischemia is also evident when restricted blood
flow to the heart brings about chest pain (angina pectoris) or restricted delivery to the legs
,causes pain from peripheral vascular disease (most associated with diabetes). Routine aerobic
training has been shown to improve myocardial ischemia by improving both coronary blood
flow and oxygen utilization within the cardiac tissue.
C. atherosclerosis
D. hypertension
__________ represents the standard deviation for the Heart Rate Max formula, which is an
important consideration when writing aerobic exercise programs. - A. 2-3 beats/min
B. 5-8 beats/min
C. 10-12 beats/min
(C) - 10-12 beats/min represents the standard deviation for the Heart Rate Max (HRM) formula
which is an important consideration for setting intensities during aerobic training. About 68% of
people will have a maximal heart rate within 10-12 beats of the estimated number, 95% will
have a maximal heart rate within 20-24 beats, and 99.7% of people should have a maximal
heart rate within 30-36 beats. While the HRM formula is used for most individuals, it does
assume that everyone of a certain age has the same maximal heart rate, which is a dependent
variable and therefore not actually true.
D. 15-18 beats/min
A client had a shoulder injury that required surgery and rehabilitation with a physical therapist.
When cleared for exercise, the recommendation from the physical therapist was to continue to
strengthen the subscapularis and infraspinatus muscles. Which exercise would help achieve this
goal? - A. incline bench press
B. close grip lat pull-down
,C. cable internal/external shoulder rotation
(C) - Cable internal/external shoulder rotation exercises, performed either on a cable machine
or with bands, are applicable exercises to strengthen the subscapularis (internal rotator) and
infraspinatus (external rotator) muscles. Internal rotation, when performed correctly, will target
the subscapularis; while external rotation will target the infraspinatus and teres minor.
D. side raise
A client mentions that she is experiencing pain in her right knee during the extension phase of
the lunge during repeat sets of the exercise. What is the correct course of action? - A. have the
client decrease the range of motion during the remaining set
B. stop the exercise session and refer her to a medical professional
C. stop performing the exercise, document the issue and avoid knee loading for the rest of the
session
(C) - When a client experiences pain during a specific movement, the correct course of action is
to stop performing the activity, document the issue and avoid loading the site of pain.
D. inform the client that discomfort during resistance training is normal and it will subside
A decrease in the size of fast-twitch muscle fibers ____________. - A. does not occur
B. is a potential negative result of higher-volume aerobic training
(B) - Higher-volume aerobic training will cause adaptation adjustments for improved
endurance. This promotes slow-twitch fiber (type I) recruitment, and consequently reduces the
recruitment and size of fast-twitch fibers. Performing anaerobic training aimed at increasing
tension within the muscle can help slow this process.
, C. occurs when strength training is performed less than 4 days/week
D. is a positive adaptation associated with speed training as it reduces weight
A food label for a nutritional bar indicates that it contains 7 grams of fat. If the entire bar is
eaten, how many calories of fat will be consumed? - A. 7 calories
B. 28 calories
C. 63 calories
(C) - If the food label on a bar lists 7 grams of fat, and the entire bar is consumed (1 serving), the
total number of calories consumed will be 63 since every gram of fat yields 9 calories (7 x 9 =
63). Carbohydrates and protein both yield 4 calories per gram, while alcohol yields 7 calories per
gram.
D. 112 calories
A majority of back injuries from incorrect lifting and movement mechanics occur between
which segments of the spine? - A. cervical and thoracic
B. thoracic and lumbar
C. lumbar and sacral
(C) - The lumbar and sacral segments (L4-L5, L5-S1) of the spine experience the majority of back
injuries because they have the greatest capacity for movement. Improper movement patterns
during resistance training can cause compressive forces anteriorly, posteriorly and/or laterally;
resulting in direct lower back injuries.
