Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
--a-chronic-disease
--some-degree-of-insulin-insufficiency-which-impairs-carbs,-protein-and-fat-
metabolism
-cause-is-still-unknown
-characterized-by-a-state-of-hyperglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER-diabetes-mellitus
--frequently-in-juvenile
--onset-abrupt-(-few-days--few-weeks)
--3-polys-(-polydipsia,-polyuria,-and-polyphagia)
--weight-loss
--ketoacidosis-prone--very-high-sugar
--skinny
-no-free-flowing-insulin
-need-insulin-therapy-always
-this-is-an-autoimmune-disease---CORRECT-ANSWER-type-1-iddm-(insulin-
dependent-diabetes-mellitus)
-log-insulins-(rapid-acting-insulins)---CORRECT-ANSWER-think-of-a-log-on-top-of-
the-hill.,-when-you-push-it-down-the-hill,-it-goes-REALLY-fast----fast-acting!
-represents-90%-of-diabetic-population
-some-insulin-secretion-but-not-enough
--symptoms-appear-over-a-long-period-of-time
-usually-are-overweight
-may-notice-neuropathy-(eyes-and-feet-are-affected-first),-vision,-tingling,-numbness,-
non-healing-ulcers-to-lower-extremity-(microvascular,-macrovascular-complications-
and-neuropathies---may-cause-sx-which-make-them-get-diagnosed)---CORRECT-
ANSWER-type-II-diddm-(adult-onset)
a-small-structure-at-the-base-of-the-brain-which-releases-a-wide-variety-of-hormones-
that-in-turn,-control-the-activity-of-the-bodies-other-hormone-glands---CORRECT-
ANSWER-pituitary-gland
A1C,-HBA1C---CORRECT-ANSWER-normal-level-4-6%
-6.5-or-higher-on-2-seperate-tests=-diabetes-
-used-to-diagnose-diabetes--gauges-how-well-a-patient-manages-diabetes
alternate-sites-when-giving-____________________________---CORRECT-ANSWER-
insulin
Anterior-pituitary-gland-6-hormones---CORRECT-ANSWER-1.-growth-hormone
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
2.-TSH
3.-ACTH--Adrenocorticotropic
4.-LH
5.-FSH--follicle-stimulating
6.-Prolactin
Biguanide-Oral-antidiabetic-Drug-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-Metformin-
(Glucophage)
Biguanides:-Metformin-(Glucophage)---CORRECT-ANSWER--decreases-glucose-
production-in-the-liver
-decreases-glucose-absorption-from-the-small-intestine
-increases-cellular-sensitivity-to-insulin,-therefore-increasing-glucose-uptake-by-cells
-used-with-type-II-diabetes-mellitus--as-an-adjunct-to-diet-and-exercise-to-lower-
blood-glucose
combination-insulins---CORRECT-ANSWER-lispro-and-aspart-added-to-protamne-to-
proling-its-duration-of-action
--Humalog-75/25
-Novolog-70/30
combined-effect-is-rapid-acting-onset-with-an-intermediate-duration-of-action-for-12-
24-hours
do-not-mix-this-insulin-with-other-insulins!---CORRECT-ANSWER-long-acting-
insulins
(determir-Levamir
glargine-Lantis)
do-not-use-insulin-if:---CORRECT-ANSWER---solution-is-cloudy-(aspart,-lispro-or-
regular-only)
-discolored
--unusually-viscous-(thick)
Drug-interactions-with-insulin---CORRECT-ANSWER-MANY-DRUG-
INTERACTIONS!
drug-interactions-with-sulfa-drugs---CORRECT-ANSWER-alcohol!
early-signs-and-symptoms-of-hypoglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER---nervousness
-tremors
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
-headache
-apprehension
-sweating
-hunger
-cold
-clammy
Endocrine-system-is-made-up-of-highly-interrelated-groups-of:---CORRECT-
ANSWER-glands
goal-for-treatment-of-diabetes---CORRECT-ANSWER-to-prevent-complications-
associated-with-diabetes-mellitus.-
-Meticulous-maintenance-of-blood-glucose-levels
--no-cure-for-any-types-of-dm
homeostasis-is-managed-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-the-endocrine-system
Hormones-are-not-secreted-at-a-constant-rate---CORRECT-ANSWER--cyclic-
(menstrual-cycle)
-some-are-influenced-by-food-(insulin)
-some-are-due-to-stress-(fight-or-flight)-(shock)
-very-small-amounts-to-produce-major-body-response
hyperglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER---increased-blood-glucose->110
-ketoacidosis
-diabetic-coma
-due-to-lack-of-insulin
HYPOGLYCEMIA---CORRECT-ANSWER--low-blood-glucose-<60
-insulin-shock
-onset-fast
-want-to-identify-the-underlying-cause
hypoglycemia-is-due-to:---CORRECT-ANSWER--too-much-insulin
-insufficient-food-intake-to-cover-insulin-intake
--excessive-exercise-without-sufficient-carbohydrate-intake
--imbalances-caused-by-vomiting-and-diarrhea
if-you-find-a-patient-and-dont-know-if-they-are-hypoglycemic-or-hyperglycemic,-treat-
_____________________?---CORRECT-ANSWER-hypoglycemia-because-it-can-cause-
serious-deficits
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
if-you-have-a-relative-with-diabetes-you-are-_____________-x-more-likely-to-develop-
diabetes-type-2---CORRECT-ANSWER-2.5
insulin-(hormone)---CORRECT-ANSWER--secreted-by-beta-cells-of-pancreas
-need-insulin-to-help-transport-glucose-into-heart-and-skeletal-muscle-and-adipose-
tissue
-helps-w/-lipid-and-protein-metabolism
insulin-is-measured-in---CORRECT-ANSWER-units
iNTERMEDIATE-nph-Humulin-N---CORRECT-ANSWER-onset--1-2-hours
peak--4-12-hours-(afternoon/before-dinner)-(evenings)
duration--18-24-hours
hypoglycemia-(evenings)
intermediate-NPH-insulin---CORRECT-ANSWER-has-a-cloudy-appearance
intermediate-NPH-insulin-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-humulin-N
kussmauls-breathing---CORRECT-ANSWER-Deep,-repetitive-gasping-respiratory-
pattern
Acidosis-(DKA)
Sign-of-impending-death
later-signs-and-symptoms-of-hypoglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER--visual-
disturbances
-decrease-in-coordination
-incoherent
-coma
-death
lifespan-of-a-RBC---CORRECT-ANSWER-120-days
Lng-acting-insulins-glargine-Lantis-detemir-Levemir---CORRECT-ANSWER-onset--1-
hour
no-real-peak--absorbed-steadily
duration--24-hours
long-acting-insulins-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-glargine-Lantus
detemir-Levemir
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
--a-chronic-disease
--some-degree-of-insulin-insufficiency-which-impairs-carbs,-protein-and-fat-
metabolism
-cause-is-still-unknown
-characterized-by-a-state-of-hyperglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER-diabetes-mellitus
--frequently-in-juvenile
--onset-abrupt-(-few-days--few-weeks)
--3-polys-(-polydipsia,-polyuria,-and-polyphagia)
--weight-loss
--ketoacidosis-prone--very-high-sugar
--skinny
-no-free-flowing-insulin
-need-insulin-therapy-always
-this-is-an-autoimmune-disease---CORRECT-ANSWER-type-1-iddm-(insulin-
dependent-diabetes-mellitus)
-log-insulins-(rapid-acting-insulins)---CORRECT-ANSWER-think-of-a-log-on-top-of-
the-hill.,-when-you-push-it-down-the-hill,-it-goes-REALLY-fast----fast-acting!
-represents-90%-of-diabetic-population
-some-insulin-secretion-but-not-enough
--symptoms-appear-over-a-long-period-of-time
-usually-are-overweight
-may-notice-neuropathy-(eyes-and-feet-are-affected-first),-vision,-tingling,-numbness,-
non-healing-ulcers-to-lower-extremity-(microvascular,-macrovascular-complications-
and-neuropathies---may-cause-sx-which-make-them-get-diagnosed)---CORRECT-
ANSWER-type-II-diddm-(adult-onset)
a-small-structure-at-the-base-of-the-brain-which-releases-a-wide-variety-of-hormones-
that-in-turn,-control-the-activity-of-the-bodies-other-hormone-glands---CORRECT-
ANSWER-pituitary-gland
A1C,-HBA1C---CORRECT-ANSWER-normal-level-4-6%
-6.5-or-higher-on-2-seperate-tests=-diabetes-
-used-to-diagnose-diabetes--gauges-how-well-a-patient-manages-diabetes
alternate-sites-when-giving-____________________________---CORRECT-ANSWER-
insulin
Anterior-pituitary-gland-6-hormones---CORRECT-ANSWER-1.-growth-hormone
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
2.-TSH
3.-ACTH--Adrenocorticotropic
4.-LH
5.-FSH--follicle-stimulating
6.-Prolactin
Biguanide-Oral-antidiabetic-Drug-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-Metformin-
(Glucophage)
Biguanides:-Metformin-(Glucophage)---CORRECT-ANSWER--decreases-glucose-
production-in-the-liver
-decreases-glucose-absorption-from-the-small-intestine
-increases-cellular-sensitivity-to-insulin,-therefore-increasing-glucose-uptake-by-cells
-used-with-type-II-diabetes-mellitus--as-an-adjunct-to-diet-and-exercise-to-lower-
blood-glucose
combination-insulins---CORRECT-ANSWER-lispro-and-aspart-added-to-protamne-to-
proling-its-duration-of-action
--Humalog-75/25
-Novolog-70/30
combined-effect-is-rapid-acting-onset-with-an-intermediate-duration-of-action-for-12-
24-hours
do-not-mix-this-insulin-with-other-insulins!---CORRECT-ANSWER-long-acting-
insulins
(determir-Levamir
glargine-Lantis)
do-not-use-insulin-if:---CORRECT-ANSWER---solution-is-cloudy-(aspart,-lispro-or-
regular-only)
-discolored
--unusually-viscous-(thick)
Drug-interactions-with-insulin---CORRECT-ANSWER-MANY-DRUG-
INTERACTIONS!
drug-interactions-with-sulfa-drugs---CORRECT-ANSWER-alcohol!
early-signs-and-symptoms-of-hypoglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER---nervousness
-tremors
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
-headache
-apprehension
-sweating
-hunger
-cold
-clammy
Endocrine-system-is-made-up-of-highly-interrelated-groups-of:---CORRECT-
ANSWER-glands
goal-for-treatment-of-diabetes---CORRECT-ANSWER-to-prevent-complications-
associated-with-diabetes-mellitus.-
-Meticulous-maintenance-of-blood-glucose-levels
--no-cure-for-any-types-of-dm
homeostasis-is-managed-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-the-endocrine-system
Hormones-are-not-secreted-at-a-constant-rate---CORRECT-ANSWER--cyclic-
(menstrual-cycle)
-some-are-influenced-by-food-(insulin)
-some-are-due-to-stress-(fight-or-flight)-(shock)
-very-small-amounts-to-produce-major-body-response
hyperglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER---increased-blood-glucose->110
-ketoacidosis
-diabetic-coma
-due-to-lack-of-insulin
HYPOGLYCEMIA---CORRECT-ANSWER--low-blood-glucose-<60
-insulin-shock
-onset-fast
-want-to-identify-the-underlying-cause
hypoglycemia-is-due-to:---CORRECT-ANSWER--too-much-insulin
-insufficient-food-intake-to-cover-insulin-intake
--excessive-exercise-without-sufficient-carbohydrate-intake
--imbalances-caused-by-vomiting-and-diarrhea
if-you-find-a-patient-and-dont-know-if-they-are-hypoglycemic-or-hyperglycemic,-treat-
_____________________?---CORRECT-ANSWER-hypoglycemia-because-it-can-cause-
serious-deficits
, Clayton's-Basic-Pharmacology-for-Nurses-19th-Edition-Unit-7:-Drugs-That-
Affect-the-Endocrine-System-(Chapters-35-38)
if-you-have-a-relative-with-diabetes-you-are-_____________-x-more-likely-to-develop-
diabetes-type-2---CORRECT-ANSWER-2.5
insulin-(hormone)---CORRECT-ANSWER--secreted-by-beta-cells-of-pancreas
-need-insulin-to-help-transport-glucose-into-heart-and-skeletal-muscle-and-adipose-
tissue
-helps-w/-lipid-and-protein-metabolism
insulin-is-measured-in---CORRECT-ANSWER-units
iNTERMEDIATE-nph-Humulin-N---CORRECT-ANSWER-onset--1-2-hours
peak--4-12-hours-(afternoon/before-dinner)-(evenings)
duration--18-24-hours
hypoglycemia-(evenings)
intermediate-NPH-insulin---CORRECT-ANSWER-has-a-cloudy-appearance
intermediate-NPH-insulin-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-humulin-N
kussmauls-breathing---CORRECT-ANSWER-Deep,-repetitive-gasping-respiratory-
pattern
Acidosis-(DKA)
Sign-of-impending-death
later-signs-and-symptoms-of-hypoglycemia---CORRECT-ANSWER--visual-
disturbances
-decrease-in-coordination
-incoherent
-coma
-death
lifespan-of-a-RBC---CORRECT-ANSWER-120-days
Lng-acting-insulins-glargine-Lantis-detemir-Levemir---CORRECT-ANSWER-onset--1-
hour
no-real-peak--absorbed-steadily
duration--24-hours
long-acting-insulins-to-know---CORRECT-ANSWER-glargine-Lantus
detemir-Levemir
