Pathophysiology- HTHS 2230
Hematological System Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
What is the hematological system responsible for? - Answer Creating the "formed elements"
of the blood and lymphatic systems including RBC, WBC, and platelets
hematopoiesis - Answer The process of creating mature, functional formed elements
Increased RBCs - Answer polycythemia
Decreased RBCs - Answer anemia
Increased WBCs - Answer leukocytosis, leukemia
Decreased WBCs - Answer Leukocytopenia
Increased platelets - Answer thombocytosis, thrombocythemia
Decreased platelets - Answer thrombocytopenia
What can alter hematopoesis? - Answer Nutritional deficiencies, neoplasms (tumor) in the
bone marrow or other lymphoid organs, infections, autoimmune disorders, genetic
abnormalities, chronic diseases or exposure to environmental factors
B12 and folate (B9) deficiency causes what in RBCs? - Answer impairment & they'll get too
large
Decreased Vitamin K, what does this do in hematopoesis? - Answer Decreases your clotting
factor production
What happens with iron deficiency in hematopoesis? - Answer inadequate hemoglobin
synthesis
What types of metals are involved in the healthy development of blood cells? - Answer
Copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt
, Neoplasms - Answer Tumors or populations of malignant cells can throw off the functionality
of the bone marrow in a number of ways
Bone structure (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer structural integrity and physical space
needed for bone marrow can be encroached upon by tumors
Alterations in cell populations (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer neoplasms (tumors) can
infiltrate the bone marrow and cause disruptions in normal cell production and can lead to
abnormal or immature cells being produced in high numbers
Changes in bone marrow microenvironment - Answer new cell populations can cause
imbalances in supportive cell populations as well as healthy cell signaling criteria
Autoimmune Diseases (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer -cells of some bone marrow
can become targets in some autoimmune diseases like aplastic anemia, lupus, and idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). (purple spots under skin bruising)
-treatment often works by suppressing immune system function, which can include normal cell
production
Genetics & hematopoesis - Answer -slight changes in gene coding for hemoglobin or other
essential proteins can hinder normal cell production (sickle cell, thalassemia)
-genetic disorders related to improper DNA repair or mitosis of stem cells can lead to decreased
bone marrow production of all blood cells
Chronic disease and disrupted hematopoesis - Answer inflammatory cytokines and changes
in normal hormones associated with chronic disease can negatively impact the bone marrow
-prolonged disease can deplete the bone marrow's reserve of WBC
-treatment for chronic diseases, esp with immunosuppressants, can impair healthy bone
marrow
Environmental Exposure and disrupted hematopoesis - Answer Radiation- ionizing radiation
can damage bone marrow stem cells
Chemicals- ciggies, pesticides, household & industrial cleaning agents and solvents can increase
risk of bone marrow disease
Heavy metals- lead, mercury, arsenic can damage bone marrow and disrupt normal cell
development
reticulocytes - Answer immature red blood cells
Hematological System Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
What is the hematological system responsible for? - Answer Creating the "formed elements"
of the blood and lymphatic systems including RBC, WBC, and platelets
hematopoiesis - Answer The process of creating mature, functional formed elements
Increased RBCs - Answer polycythemia
Decreased RBCs - Answer anemia
Increased WBCs - Answer leukocytosis, leukemia
Decreased WBCs - Answer Leukocytopenia
Increased platelets - Answer thombocytosis, thrombocythemia
Decreased platelets - Answer thrombocytopenia
What can alter hematopoesis? - Answer Nutritional deficiencies, neoplasms (tumor) in the
bone marrow or other lymphoid organs, infections, autoimmune disorders, genetic
abnormalities, chronic diseases or exposure to environmental factors
B12 and folate (B9) deficiency causes what in RBCs? - Answer impairment & they'll get too
large
Decreased Vitamin K, what does this do in hematopoesis? - Answer Decreases your clotting
factor production
What happens with iron deficiency in hematopoesis? - Answer inadequate hemoglobin
synthesis
What types of metals are involved in the healthy development of blood cells? - Answer
Copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt
, Neoplasms - Answer Tumors or populations of malignant cells can throw off the functionality
of the bone marrow in a number of ways
Bone structure (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer structural integrity and physical space
needed for bone marrow can be encroached upon by tumors
Alterations in cell populations (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer neoplasms (tumors) can
infiltrate the bone marrow and cause disruptions in normal cell production and can lead to
abnormal or immature cells being produced in high numbers
Changes in bone marrow microenvironment - Answer new cell populations can cause
imbalances in supportive cell populations as well as healthy cell signaling criteria
Autoimmune Diseases (in disrupted hematopoesis) - Answer -cells of some bone marrow
can become targets in some autoimmune diseases like aplastic anemia, lupus, and idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). (purple spots under skin bruising)
-treatment often works by suppressing immune system function, which can include normal cell
production
Genetics & hematopoesis - Answer -slight changes in gene coding for hemoglobin or other
essential proteins can hinder normal cell production (sickle cell, thalassemia)
-genetic disorders related to improper DNA repair or mitosis of stem cells can lead to decreased
bone marrow production of all blood cells
Chronic disease and disrupted hematopoesis - Answer inflammatory cytokines and changes
in normal hormones associated with chronic disease can negatively impact the bone marrow
-prolonged disease can deplete the bone marrow's reserve of WBC
-treatment for chronic diseases, esp with immunosuppressants, can impair healthy bone
marrow
Environmental Exposure and disrupted hematopoesis - Answer Radiation- ionizing radiation
can damage bone marrow stem cells
Chemicals- ciggies, pesticides, household & industrial cleaning agents and solvents can increase
risk of bone marrow disease
Heavy metals- lead, mercury, arsenic can damage bone marrow and disrupt normal cell
development
reticulocytes - Answer immature red blood cells
