AORN Perioperative 101 Exam
Questions and Answers36
First forms of anesthesia: - ANSWERS-Nitrous Oxide and ether
Who may provide anesthesia care? (4 answers) - ANSWERS-Anesthesiologist, CRNA,
Anesthesiologist assistant, perioperative nurse
Factors to consider when determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient: (8
answers) - ANSWERS--pt/surgeon preference
-Surgical procedure
-Physical Status
-Age
-Postoperative recovery time
-Length of surgery
-Position of pt
-Pt previous experience with anesthesia
General Anesthesia - ANSWERS-a reversible state of unconsciousness, consisting of amnesia,
analgesia, and muscle relaxation
Regional Anesthesia - ANSWERS-a reversible loss of sensation, which is achieved by injecting a
local anesthetic to block the nerve fibers from transmitting impulses.
Local Anesthesia - ANSWERS-functions like regional anesthesia but usually applies to a smaller
area or a single body part such as a finger or a toe.
,Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - ANSWERS-consists of intravenous medications and
concurrent local infiltration of tissue at the surgical site
What are the Four STAGES of Anesthesia? - ANSWERS-• Stage I: Initial Administration - The first
stage is the actual administering of the anesthetic drugs. There are only a few seconds in
between the initial administering of the drug and unconsciousness.
• Stage II: Excitement - In Stage II the patient is now unconscious. Also known as "excitement",
is the time from loss of consciousness to the loss of eyelid reflex. Involuntary movements may
occur at this time.
• Stage III: Intrasurgery - This is the time of surgical anesthesia. The patient has rapid eye
movement and breathing may be labored until the muscles completely relax. It is time to start
the surgery.
• Stage IV: Possibility of respiratory failure - During this last stage of anesthesia, the patient
might need help. If too much anesthesia has been given, this stage is characterized by
respiratory failure, leading to circulatory failure. Without breathing apparatus and heart
support, the patient can die.
What are the three PHASES of anesthesia? - ANSWERS-• Induction - This phase begins with the
administration of anesthesia and lasts until the surgical incision is made.
• Maintenance - This phase begins with the surgical incision and lasts until near completion of
the procedure (Stage 3).
• Emergence - This phase starts as the patient begins to awaken and ends upon exiting the
operating room
IV regional anesthesia (Beir Block) is most often used for: - ANSWERS-Upper extremity nerve
blockade
A common side effect to monitor after spinal anesthesia is: - ANSWERS-hypotension due to
vasodilation
,What is the most consistent physiological indication of Malignant Hyperthermia? - ANSWERS-
Increased end tidal CO2
What drug is given for Malignant Hyperthermia? - ANSWERS-Dantrolene
*Also, stop triggering agents, give 100% oxygen, cool pt
During Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC), the Pt is monitored for what 3 risks? - ANSWERS-•
Extravasation of intravenous medication
• A reduction of arterial oxygen saturation
• Breathing difficulty
During a peripheral nerve block, why must there be continuous nerve stimulation in the area to
be anesthetized? - ANSWERS-To ensure proper needle placement
Special considerations for Pt undergoing endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery include: (4
answers) - ANSWERS--Previous incisions (may alter the trocar insertion technique)
-History of DVT
-Consent to include possibility of open procedure
-Voiding prior to surgery (empty bladder helps to avoid puncture during trocar placement &
decrease need for catheterization)
Fluid management in Minimally Invasive Surgery involves risk of: (2 answers) - ANSWERS--
Hypothermia
-Fluid overload
*Hyponatremia could accompany hypervolemia
, How can we reduce risk of systemic hemodynamic changes while maintaining intra-abdominal
pressure during laparoscopic surgery? - ANSWERS-Keep pressure under 12 mm/hg in adult Pt
What is the single most important factor in minimizing micro organism transfer? - ANSWERS-
Hand Hygiene!
How long should hands be washed for? - ANSWERS-15 seconds
*Hand washing for 15 seconds has been shown to reduce soil, spores, and microorganism
counts on the hands.
Standard Precautions - ANSWERS-Precautions used for care of all patients regardless of their
diagnosis or presumed infectious status.
List endogenous sources of pathogens that may cause surgical site infections (3 answers) -
ANSWERS--Personnel
-OR environment
-Tool/Instruments/supplies brought to sterile field
*Exogenous would be aerobes (live in air)
When should OR be "Damp Dusted"? - ANSWERS-Before the first procedure of the day
*All horizontal surfaces should be wiped with a clean, lint-free cloth moistened with hospital
approved disinfectant; Begin with high surfaces and work down
What is the most effective floor cleaning method in the surgical suite? - ANSWERS-Wet
Vacuuming ( flood floor half room at a time with detergent - disinfectant solution, water left to
sit for five minutes and vacuumed)
Questions and Answers36
First forms of anesthesia: - ANSWERS-Nitrous Oxide and ether
Who may provide anesthesia care? (4 answers) - ANSWERS-Anesthesiologist, CRNA,
Anesthesiologist assistant, perioperative nurse
Factors to consider when determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient: (8
answers) - ANSWERS--pt/surgeon preference
-Surgical procedure
-Physical Status
-Age
-Postoperative recovery time
-Length of surgery
-Position of pt
-Pt previous experience with anesthesia
General Anesthesia - ANSWERS-a reversible state of unconsciousness, consisting of amnesia,
analgesia, and muscle relaxation
Regional Anesthesia - ANSWERS-a reversible loss of sensation, which is achieved by injecting a
local anesthetic to block the nerve fibers from transmitting impulses.
Local Anesthesia - ANSWERS-functions like regional anesthesia but usually applies to a smaller
area or a single body part such as a finger or a toe.
,Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - ANSWERS-consists of intravenous medications and
concurrent local infiltration of tissue at the surgical site
What are the Four STAGES of Anesthesia? - ANSWERS-• Stage I: Initial Administration - The first
stage is the actual administering of the anesthetic drugs. There are only a few seconds in
between the initial administering of the drug and unconsciousness.
• Stage II: Excitement - In Stage II the patient is now unconscious. Also known as "excitement",
is the time from loss of consciousness to the loss of eyelid reflex. Involuntary movements may
occur at this time.
• Stage III: Intrasurgery - This is the time of surgical anesthesia. The patient has rapid eye
movement and breathing may be labored until the muscles completely relax. It is time to start
the surgery.
• Stage IV: Possibility of respiratory failure - During this last stage of anesthesia, the patient
might need help. If too much anesthesia has been given, this stage is characterized by
respiratory failure, leading to circulatory failure. Without breathing apparatus and heart
support, the patient can die.
What are the three PHASES of anesthesia? - ANSWERS-• Induction - This phase begins with the
administration of anesthesia and lasts until the surgical incision is made.
• Maintenance - This phase begins with the surgical incision and lasts until near completion of
the procedure (Stage 3).
• Emergence - This phase starts as the patient begins to awaken and ends upon exiting the
operating room
IV regional anesthesia (Beir Block) is most often used for: - ANSWERS-Upper extremity nerve
blockade
A common side effect to monitor after spinal anesthesia is: - ANSWERS-hypotension due to
vasodilation
,What is the most consistent physiological indication of Malignant Hyperthermia? - ANSWERS-
Increased end tidal CO2
What drug is given for Malignant Hyperthermia? - ANSWERS-Dantrolene
*Also, stop triggering agents, give 100% oxygen, cool pt
During Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC), the Pt is monitored for what 3 risks? - ANSWERS-•
Extravasation of intravenous medication
• A reduction of arterial oxygen saturation
• Breathing difficulty
During a peripheral nerve block, why must there be continuous nerve stimulation in the area to
be anesthetized? - ANSWERS-To ensure proper needle placement
Special considerations for Pt undergoing endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery include: (4
answers) - ANSWERS--Previous incisions (may alter the trocar insertion technique)
-History of DVT
-Consent to include possibility of open procedure
-Voiding prior to surgery (empty bladder helps to avoid puncture during trocar placement &
decrease need for catheterization)
Fluid management in Minimally Invasive Surgery involves risk of: (2 answers) - ANSWERS--
Hypothermia
-Fluid overload
*Hyponatremia could accompany hypervolemia
, How can we reduce risk of systemic hemodynamic changes while maintaining intra-abdominal
pressure during laparoscopic surgery? - ANSWERS-Keep pressure under 12 mm/hg in adult Pt
What is the single most important factor in minimizing micro organism transfer? - ANSWERS-
Hand Hygiene!
How long should hands be washed for? - ANSWERS-15 seconds
*Hand washing for 15 seconds has been shown to reduce soil, spores, and microorganism
counts on the hands.
Standard Precautions - ANSWERS-Precautions used for care of all patients regardless of their
diagnosis or presumed infectious status.
List endogenous sources of pathogens that may cause surgical site infections (3 answers) -
ANSWERS--Personnel
-OR environment
-Tool/Instruments/supplies brought to sterile field
*Exogenous would be aerobes (live in air)
When should OR be "Damp Dusted"? - ANSWERS-Before the first procedure of the day
*All horizontal surfaces should be wiped with a clean, lint-free cloth moistened with hospital
approved disinfectant; Begin with high surfaces and work down
What is the most effective floor cleaning method in the surgical suite? - ANSWERS-Wet
Vacuuming ( flood floor half room at a time with detergent - disinfectant solution, water left to
sit for five minutes and vacuumed)
