Epidemiological & Biostatistical
Applications in Healthcare
Latest Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
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,1. Case: A nurse researcher is studying the incidence of hospital-acquired
infections in two ICUs.
Question: Which measure best compares risk between the two groups?
- A. Prevalence ratio
- B. Incidence rate ratio
- C. Case fatality rate
- D. Odds ratio
Answer: B
Rationale: Incidence rate ratio compares new cases across populations.
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2. Case: A public health nurse evaluates vaccine effectiveness.
Question: Which study design is most appropriate?
- A. Case-control
- B. Randomized controlled trial
- C. Cross-sectional survey
- D. Ecological study
Answer: B
Rationale: RCTs provide strongest evidence for vaccine efficacy.
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3. Case: A nurse analyzes smoking and lung cancer association.
Question: Which statistic best quantifies risk in case-control studies?
- A. Relative risk
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Attributable risk
- D. Hazard ratio
Answer: B
Rationale: Odds ratio is used in case-control designs.
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4. Case: A nurse evaluates survival in oncology patients.
Question: Which statistical method is most appropriate?
- A. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
- B. Chi-square test
- C. Logistic regression
- D. T-test
Answer: A
Rationale: Kaplan-Meier estimates survival probabilities over time.
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5. Case: A nurse leader compares infection rates before and after
intervention.
Question: Which test is most appropriate?
- A. Paired t-test
- B. Chi-square test
- C. ANOVA
- D. Regression analysis
Answer: A
Rationale: Paired t-test compares means in related groups.
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6. Case: A nurse evaluates confounding in a study of obesity and
diabetes.
Question: Which method controls for confounding?
- A. Stratification
- B. Random error
- C. Bias adjustment
- D. Case fatality analysis
Answer: A
Rationale: Stratification separates effects of confounders.
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