PSYC 1F90 - Chapter 10 Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027
Motivation - Answers The dynamics of behavior—how our actions are aroused, maintained, and
guided.
Need - Answers An internal deficiency that creates a drive (e.g., hunger, thirst).
Drive - Answers A state of bodily tension that arises from an unmet need.
Response - Answers An action or series of actions taken to reduce the drive.
Goal - Answers The target of motivated behavior, which satisfies the need.
Incentives - Answers External rewards or stimuli that motivate behavior, pulling behavior by
offering desirable rewards.
Intrinsic Motivation - Answers Driven by internal rewards (e.g., curiosity, enjoyment, mastery).
Extrinsic Motivation - Answers Driven by external rewards (e.g., money, grades, praise).
Overjustification Effect - Answers Providing large extrinsic rewards for tasks people enjoy can
reduce intrinsic motivation over time.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers A categorization of human needs into five levels, with
basic needs being more dominant than growth needs.
Physiological Needs - Answers Basic survival needs (food, water, sleep).
Safety Needs - Answers Security, stability, protection from harm.
Love and Belongingness - Answers Social relationships, family, friendship.
Esteem Needs - Answers Self-worth, respect, achievement.
Self-Actualization - Answers Personal growth, fulfilling potential.
Basic Needs - Answers The first four levels of Maslow's hierarchy that focus on deficiency-
based needs ensuring survival.
Growth Needs - Answers Self-actualization represents the desire to grow and fulfill one's
potential.
Biological Motives - Answers Innate motives based on biological needs (e.g., hunger, thirst,
sleep).
Stimulus Motives - Answers Need for stimulation and information (e.g., curiosity, exploration).
Learned Motives - Answers Socially acquired needs (e.g., achievement, power, affiliation).
, Homeostasis - Answers A process that maintains bodily equilibrium.
Circadian Rhythms - Answers Biological processes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle,
impacting human sleep cycles.
Episodic Drive - Answers Pain is considered an episodic drive, shaped by our responses to it.
Intracellular Thirst - Answers Thirst that arises from the need for water inside cells.
Extracellular Thirst - Answers Thirst that arises from the need for water outside cells.
Anorexia Nervosa - Answers An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining
weight and a distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa - Answers An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
Sex Drive - Answers The strength of motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
Hormones in Nonhuman Animals - Answers Controlled by estrogen in females and testosterone
in males. Mating occurs primarily during fertility cycles (estrus).
Hormones in Humans - Answers Sex drive is influenced by testosterone in men and estrogen &
androgens in women. However, human sexual behavior is less tied to hormonal cycles than in
animals.
Nonhomeostatic Nature - Answers Unlike hunger or thirst, the sex drive does not follow
homeostasis; it can be triggered at any time.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms - Answers Biological cycles that regulate sleep, alertness, and
body temperature.
Impact on Sleep - Answers Circadian rhythms influence when we feel sleepy or alert.
Disruptions - Answers Shift work, travel across time zones, and irregular sleep schedules can
negatively impact these cycles.
Managing Disruptions - Answers Maintaining consistent sleep patterns, exposure to natural light,
and strategic napping can help.
Pain as an Episodic Drive - Answers Unlike hunger or thirst, pain is an episodic drive that only
occurs when the body experiences harm.
Responses to Pain - Answers Automatic Reactions: Reflexes and immediate withdrawal.
Learned Responses: Cultural and psychological factors influence pain tolerance.
Thirst - Answers Loss of water inside cells (e.g., sweating, diarrhea).
Extracellular Thirst - Answers Loss of fluids and minerals from blood (e.g., excessive sweating,
Motivation - Answers The dynamics of behavior—how our actions are aroused, maintained, and
guided.
Need - Answers An internal deficiency that creates a drive (e.g., hunger, thirst).
Drive - Answers A state of bodily tension that arises from an unmet need.
Response - Answers An action or series of actions taken to reduce the drive.
Goal - Answers The target of motivated behavior, which satisfies the need.
Incentives - Answers External rewards or stimuli that motivate behavior, pulling behavior by
offering desirable rewards.
Intrinsic Motivation - Answers Driven by internal rewards (e.g., curiosity, enjoyment, mastery).
Extrinsic Motivation - Answers Driven by external rewards (e.g., money, grades, praise).
Overjustification Effect - Answers Providing large extrinsic rewards for tasks people enjoy can
reduce intrinsic motivation over time.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers A categorization of human needs into five levels, with
basic needs being more dominant than growth needs.
Physiological Needs - Answers Basic survival needs (food, water, sleep).
Safety Needs - Answers Security, stability, protection from harm.
Love and Belongingness - Answers Social relationships, family, friendship.
Esteem Needs - Answers Self-worth, respect, achievement.
Self-Actualization - Answers Personal growth, fulfilling potential.
Basic Needs - Answers The first four levels of Maslow's hierarchy that focus on deficiency-
based needs ensuring survival.
Growth Needs - Answers Self-actualization represents the desire to grow and fulfill one's
potential.
Biological Motives - Answers Innate motives based on biological needs (e.g., hunger, thirst,
sleep).
Stimulus Motives - Answers Need for stimulation and information (e.g., curiosity, exploration).
Learned Motives - Answers Socially acquired needs (e.g., achievement, power, affiliation).
, Homeostasis - Answers A process that maintains bodily equilibrium.
Circadian Rhythms - Answers Biological processes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle,
impacting human sleep cycles.
Episodic Drive - Answers Pain is considered an episodic drive, shaped by our responses to it.
Intracellular Thirst - Answers Thirst that arises from the need for water inside cells.
Extracellular Thirst - Answers Thirst that arises from the need for water outside cells.
Anorexia Nervosa - Answers An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining
weight and a distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa - Answers An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
Sex Drive - Answers The strength of motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
Hormones in Nonhuman Animals - Answers Controlled by estrogen in females and testosterone
in males. Mating occurs primarily during fertility cycles (estrus).
Hormones in Humans - Answers Sex drive is influenced by testosterone in men and estrogen &
androgens in women. However, human sexual behavior is less tied to hormonal cycles than in
animals.
Nonhomeostatic Nature - Answers Unlike hunger or thirst, the sex drive does not follow
homeostasis; it can be triggered at any time.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms - Answers Biological cycles that regulate sleep, alertness, and
body temperature.
Impact on Sleep - Answers Circadian rhythms influence when we feel sleepy or alert.
Disruptions - Answers Shift work, travel across time zones, and irregular sleep schedules can
negatively impact these cycles.
Managing Disruptions - Answers Maintaining consistent sleep patterns, exposure to natural light,
and strategic napping can help.
Pain as an Episodic Drive - Answers Unlike hunger or thirst, pain is an episodic drive that only
occurs when the body experiences harm.
Responses to Pain - Answers Automatic Reactions: Reflexes and immediate withdrawal.
Learned Responses: Cultural and psychological factors influence pain tolerance.
Thirst - Answers Loss of water inside cells (e.g., sweating, diarrhea).
Extracellular Thirst - Answers Loss of fluids and minerals from blood (e.g., excessive sweating,
