BIO 201 EXAM 2 | LATEST STUDY | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Describe the epidermis in detail - ANSWER- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium;
no blood vessels;5 zones layers
What are the 5 zones of the epidermis? Come Lets Get Sun Burned - ANSWER- stratum
corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
stratum corneum - ANSWER- up to 30 layers, dead scaly keratinized cells,resistant to
abrasion and water loss. MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER
stratum lucidum - ANSWER- -in thick skin only, no nuclei or organelles, cells are filled with
eleidin.
stratum granulosum - ANSWER- -3-5 layers of granule and vesicle containing
keratinocytes,cells are dying, forms an epidermal water barrier that waterproofs the skin, cells
above die because they are cut off from the nutrients.
stratum spinosum - ANSWER- -thickest layer, 2nd deepest, more living kerinocytes,
contains dendritic cells.
stratum basale - ANSWER- -DEEPEST LAYER; cells that divide rapidly, connective tissues
underneath, single layer of cuboidal or low columnar sitting on basement membrane.
((and then dermis))
eumelanin - ANSWER- black/ brown
pheomelanin - ANSWER- reddish-yellow
Describe the dermis - ANSWER- 2 dermal layers/ deeper then epidermis: papillary,
reticular layers
, papillary - ANSWER- areolar tissue, allows for motility of white blood cells
reticular layers - ANSWER- thick collagen, responsible for stretch marks adipocytes
dermal papilla - ANSWER- are upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis
forming the ridges of the fingerprints
piloerector muscles - ANSWER- smooth muscles (skeleton muscle in face((emotions)))
Describe the structure and function of the hypodermis - ANSWER- binds skin to
underlying tissue, lots of adipose, energy reservoir, thermal insulation, hypodermic injections
into subcutaneous tissue since highly vascular
List terms that are synonymous with hypodermis - ANSWER- subcutaneous tissue or
superficial fascia
Recall the various pigments that can contribute to skin color - ANSWER- hemoglobin,
carotene, melanin
hemoglobin - ANSWER- - red pigment of red blood cells
carotene - ANSWER- - yellow pigment from diet
cyanosis - ANSWER- - blueness from Oxygen deficiency in blood (cold)
erythma - ANSWER- - redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels(blushing)
jaundice - ANSWER- - yellowing due to excess of bilirubin in blood(liver disease)
bronzing - ANSWER- - golden-brown color- addison disease (deficiency of glucocortoid
hormone)
pallor - ANSWER- - pale color from lack of blood flow
hematoma - ANSWER- - bruise (visible clotted blood)
hemangiomas - ANSWER- - discolored skin caused by tumors of dermal blood capillaries;
port wine; strawberries
mole - ANSWER- - elevated melanized skin, usually benign
friction ridges - ANSWER- - leave oily fingerprints on touched surfaces (born with)
flexion lines - ANSWER- - form in wrists and elbow areas
flexion creases - ANSWER- - form after birth by repeated closing of the hand
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Describe the epidermis in detail - ANSWER- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium;
no blood vessels;5 zones layers
What are the 5 zones of the epidermis? Come Lets Get Sun Burned - ANSWER- stratum
corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
stratum corneum - ANSWER- up to 30 layers, dead scaly keratinized cells,resistant to
abrasion and water loss. MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER
stratum lucidum - ANSWER- -in thick skin only, no nuclei or organelles, cells are filled with
eleidin.
stratum granulosum - ANSWER- -3-5 layers of granule and vesicle containing
keratinocytes,cells are dying, forms an epidermal water barrier that waterproofs the skin, cells
above die because they are cut off from the nutrients.
stratum spinosum - ANSWER- -thickest layer, 2nd deepest, more living kerinocytes,
contains dendritic cells.
stratum basale - ANSWER- -DEEPEST LAYER; cells that divide rapidly, connective tissues
underneath, single layer of cuboidal or low columnar sitting on basement membrane.
((and then dermis))
eumelanin - ANSWER- black/ brown
pheomelanin - ANSWER- reddish-yellow
Describe the dermis - ANSWER- 2 dermal layers/ deeper then epidermis: papillary,
reticular layers
, papillary - ANSWER- areolar tissue, allows for motility of white blood cells
reticular layers - ANSWER- thick collagen, responsible for stretch marks adipocytes
dermal papilla - ANSWER- are upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis
forming the ridges of the fingerprints
piloerector muscles - ANSWER- smooth muscles (skeleton muscle in face((emotions)))
Describe the structure and function of the hypodermis - ANSWER- binds skin to
underlying tissue, lots of adipose, energy reservoir, thermal insulation, hypodermic injections
into subcutaneous tissue since highly vascular
List terms that are synonymous with hypodermis - ANSWER- subcutaneous tissue or
superficial fascia
Recall the various pigments that can contribute to skin color - ANSWER- hemoglobin,
carotene, melanin
hemoglobin - ANSWER- - red pigment of red blood cells
carotene - ANSWER- - yellow pigment from diet
cyanosis - ANSWER- - blueness from Oxygen deficiency in blood (cold)
erythma - ANSWER- - redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels(blushing)
jaundice - ANSWER- - yellowing due to excess of bilirubin in blood(liver disease)
bronzing - ANSWER- - golden-brown color- addison disease (deficiency of glucocortoid
hormone)
pallor - ANSWER- - pale color from lack of blood flow
hematoma - ANSWER- - bruise (visible clotted blood)
hemangiomas - ANSWER- - discolored skin caused by tumors of dermal blood capillaries;
port wine; strawberries
mole - ANSWER- - elevated melanized skin, usually benign
friction ridges - ANSWER- - leave oily fingerprints on touched surfaces (born with)
flexion lines - ANSWER- - form in wrists and elbow areas
flexion creases - ANSWER- - form after birth by repeated closing of the hand
