JMU BIO 140 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

JMU BIO 140 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

◉ Mass number. Answer: protons + neutrons


◉ The further the electrons are from the nucleus of an atom the
_________ stable they are. Answer: less stable


◉ Various energy levels are called. Answer: shells


◉ Shells contain. Answer: orbitals


◉ Tips for drawing a atom's electrons. Answer: -must fill the first
shell before beginning the second
-each orbital gets one electron before they get two


◉ The second shell of electrons can hold how many?. Answer: 8
electrons


◉ Carbon has how many valence electrons?. Answer: 4

,◉ What is unique about the rows of the periodic table?. Answer:
they have the same number of shells and orbitals


◉ What is unique about the columns of the periodic table?. Answer:
same number of valence electrons


◉ Atoms are most stable when what?. Answer: when their shells are
filled


◉ Why is carbon so versatile?. Answer: it can form 4 bonds


◉ What are the two shapes carbon is usually found in?. Answer: -
tetrahedron
-pyramidal
-linear


◉ Why could carbon form a linear bond?. Answer: because three
carbon could form double bonds


◉ Define isomer. Answer: same atoms different arrangements


◉ Function is dependent on. Answer: structure

, ◉ Define covalent bonds. Answer: chemical bond that involves the
sharing of electron pairs between atoms


◉ What is needed to break a covalent bond?. Answer: enzyme


◉ Are non-covalent bonds weak or strong?. Answer: weak


◉ What is needed to break non-covalent bonds?. Answer: heat


◉ What are types of non-covalent bonds?. Answer: -ionic
-hydrogen


◉ What are the categories of covalent bonds?. Answer: -polar
-non-polar


◉ Does oxygen share electrons equally?. Answer: no


◉ What is the partial charge of oxygen in water. Answer: negative


◉ What is the partial charge of hydrogen in water?. Answer: positive