,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing
Research 9th Edition Gray
Chapter 02: Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Gray: Burns and Grove’s The Practice of Nursing Research, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In which way did Florence Nightingale contribute most substantially to evidence-based
practice?
a. She conducted outcomes research about the power of nursing for creating change.
b. She was the first woman elected to the Royal Statistical Society.
c. She collected and analyzed data that changed the care of hospitalized soldiers.
d. She calculated mortality rates under varying conditions.
ANS: C
Nightingale collected data on soldier morbidity and mortality rates and the factors influencing
them and presented her results in tables and pie charts, a sophisticated type of data
presentation for the period. Nightingale’s research enabled her to instigate attitudinal,
organizational, and social changes. She changed the attitudes of the military and society
toward the care of the sick. The military began to view the sick as having the right to adequate
food, suitable quarters, and appropriate medical treatment, which greatly reduced the mortality
rate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
2. If a nurse manager wants to study how well last year’s policies governing implementation of a
“bundle” of interventions to prevent cross-contamination of MRSA has been working in the
manager’s units, which of the following strategies would the manager be most likely to use?
a. Outcomes research
b. Mixed methods research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Experimental research
ANS: A
Outcomes research emerged as an important methodology for documenting the effectiveness
of healthcare services in the 1980s and 1990s. This type of research evolved from the quality
assessment and quality assurance functions that originated with the professional standards
review organizations (PSROs) in 1972. During the 1980s, William Roper, the director of the
Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA), promoted outcomes research for determining
the quality and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Mixed methods research is conducted when
the study problem and purpose are best addressed using both quantitative and qualitative
research methodologies. Ethnography attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while
describing the culture in which they live. Experimental research is an objective, systematic,
controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.
This type of research examines causality through rigorous control of variables.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
3. A researcher publishes a paper describing and explaining how faith, pain, adherence to
therapy, and meditation interact during the rehabilitation process. The description of the
process is based on many interviews the researcher conducted with persons during and
following rehabilitation experiences. Which type of methodology did this research employ?
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing
Research 9th Edition Gray
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Exploratory-descriptive
d. Grounded theory
ANS: D
Grounded theory methodology emphasizes interaction, observation, and descriptions of
relationships among concepts. Throughout the study, the researcher explores, proposes,
formulates, and validates relationships among the concepts until a theory evolves. The theory
developed is grounded in, or has its roots in, the data from which it was derived. Ethnography
attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while describing the culture in which they live.
Phenomenology explores an experience as it is lived by the study participants and reported
from participants’ points of view. Exploratory-descriptive qualitative research is conducted to
address an issue or problem in need of a solution or understanding.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
4. A panel of researchers conducts several studies, all drawn from an existent hospital and clinic
database. The studies focus on quality and effectiveness within that system. The specific
studies address mortality rates in elders within a year after hip fracture, functional outcomes 6
months after admission to a neurosurgical ICU after traumatic brain injury, rate of nurse
injuries in an emergency department, and number of patient falls on various floors of the
hospital. What type of research is this?
a. Experimental research
b. Outcomes research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Grounded theory research
ANS: B
Outcomes research emerged as an important methodology for documenting the effectiveness
of healthcare services in the 1980s and 1990s. This type of research evolved from the quality
assessment and quality assurance functions that originated with the professional standards
review organizations (PSROs) in 1972. During the 1980s, William Roper, the director of the
Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA), promoted outcomes research for determining
the quality and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Experimental research is an objective,
systematic, controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling
phenomena. This type of research examines causality through rigorous control of variables.
Ethnography attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while describing the culture in
which they live. Grounded theory methodology emphasizes interaction, observation, and
descriptions of relationships among concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
5. A researcher designs a study. The data are collected by means of a questionnaire, the study
has a clear purpose statement, the results are presented as a narrative without statistical
analysis, and the suggestions made for practice are worded as general suggestions. What type
of research is this?
a. Qualitative research
b. Quantitative research
c. Mixed methods research
d. Meta-analysis
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing
Research 9th Edition Gray
ANS: A
Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process implemented to obtain
numerical data, which are then analyzed statistically for generating understanding of various
aspects of the world. Qualitative research is also systematic, but it is an interactive,
naturalistic, and subjective approach that results in a narrative. Mixed methods research most
commonly uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, producing both statistical
analysis and narrative. Meta-analysis is the statistical pooling of results from previous studies
into a single quantitative analysis that provides one of the highest levels of evidence about an
intervention’s effectiveness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
6. A newly employed nurse administrator wants to know more about the employees on the units
the administrator supervises. The manager accesses the managerial database and gathers data
about all of the current employees on the unit, including work shift, number of years
employed, age, gender, educational preparation, certifications, work history, and professional
accomplishments, analyzing the data statistically. What type of quantitative research is this?
a. Descriptive research
b. Correlational research
c. Quasi-experimental research
d. Experimental research
ANS: A
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories: (1) descriptive, which
defines the magnitude of a concept and its characteristics, (2) correlational, which determines
association between or among variables, (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an intervention
and lacks control in at least one of three areas, and (4) experimental, which tests an
intervention and includes both a control group and random assignment. This is a research
study, even though it depends upon existent data, collected by another manager. Its purpose is
to describe the employees.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
7. A human resources employee performs research focusing on the professional life span of
nurses within this particular institution and tries to discover whether their choice of work area
is connected with the number of years they work in the institution. What type of quantitative
research is this?
a. Descriptive research
b. Correlational research
c. Quasi-experimental research
d. Experimental research
ANS: B
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories: (1) descriptive, which
defines the magnitude of a concept and its characteristics, (2) correlational, which determines
association between or among variables, (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an intervention
and lacks control in at least one of three areas, and (4) experimental, which tests an
intervention and includes both a control group and random assignment. This study
investigates the connection or association between work area and length of time worked.
mynursytest.store
Research 9th Edition Gray
Chapter 02: Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Gray: Burns and Grove’s The Practice of Nursing Research, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In which way did Florence Nightingale contribute most substantially to evidence-based
practice?
a. She conducted outcomes research about the power of nursing for creating change.
b. She was the first woman elected to the Royal Statistical Society.
c. She collected and analyzed data that changed the care of hospitalized soldiers.
d. She calculated mortality rates under varying conditions.
ANS: C
Nightingale collected data on soldier morbidity and mortality rates and the factors influencing
them and presented her results in tables and pie charts, a sophisticated type of data
presentation for the period. Nightingale’s research enabled her to instigate attitudinal,
organizational, and social changes. She changed the attitudes of the military and society
toward the care of the sick. The military began to view the sick as having the right to adequate
food, suitable quarters, and appropriate medical treatment, which greatly reduced the mortality
rate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
2. If a nurse manager wants to study how well last year’s policies governing implementation of a
“bundle” of interventions to prevent cross-contamination of MRSA has been working in the
manager’s units, which of the following strategies would the manager be most likely to use?
a. Outcomes research
b. Mixed methods research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Experimental research
ANS: A
Outcomes research emerged as an important methodology for documenting the effectiveness
of healthcare services in the 1980s and 1990s. This type of research evolved from the quality
assessment and quality assurance functions that originated with the professional standards
review organizations (PSROs) in 1972. During the 1980s, William Roper, the director of the
Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA), promoted outcomes research for determining
the quality and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Mixed methods research is conducted when
the study problem and purpose are best addressed using both quantitative and qualitative
research methodologies. Ethnography attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while
describing the culture in which they live. Experimental research is an objective, systematic,
controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.
This type of research examines causality through rigorous control of variables.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
3. A researcher publishes a paper describing and explaining how faith, pain, adherence to
therapy, and meditation interact during the rehabilitation process. The description of the
process is based on many interviews the researcher conducted with persons during and
following rehabilitation experiences. Which type of methodology did this research employ?
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing
Research 9th Edition Gray
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Exploratory-descriptive
d. Grounded theory
ANS: D
Grounded theory methodology emphasizes interaction, observation, and descriptions of
relationships among concepts. Throughout the study, the researcher explores, proposes,
formulates, and validates relationships among the concepts until a theory evolves. The theory
developed is grounded in, or has its roots in, the data from which it was derived. Ethnography
attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while describing the culture in which they live.
Phenomenology explores an experience as it is lived by the study participants and reported
from participants’ points of view. Exploratory-descriptive qualitative research is conducted to
address an issue or problem in need of a solution or understanding.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
4. A panel of researchers conducts several studies, all drawn from an existent hospital and clinic
database. The studies focus on quality and effectiveness within that system. The specific
studies address mortality rates in elders within a year after hip fracture, functional outcomes 6
months after admission to a neurosurgical ICU after traumatic brain injury, rate of nurse
injuries in an emergency department, and number of patient falls on various floors of the
hospital. What type of research is this?
a. Experimental research
b. Outcomes research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Grounded theory research
ANS: B
Outcomes research emerged as an important methodology for documenting the effectiveness
of healthcare services in the 1980s and 1990s. This type of research evolved from the quality
assessment and quality assurance functions that originated with the professional standards
review organizations (PSROs) in 1972. During the 1980s, William Roper, the director of the
Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA), promoted outcomes research for determining
the quality and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Experimental research is an objective,
systematic, controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling
phenomena. This type of research examines causality through rigorous control of variables.
Ethnography attempts to tell the story of people’s daily lives while describing the culture in
which they live. Grounded theory methodology emphasizes interaction, observation, and
descriptions of relationships among concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
5. A researcher designs a study. The data are collected by means of a questionnaire, the study
has a clear purpose statement, the results are presented as a narrative without statistical
analysis, and the suggestions made for practice are worded as general suggestions. What type
of research is this?
a. Qualitative research
b. Quantitative research
c. Mixed methods research
d. Meta-analysis
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing
Research 9th Edition Gray
ANS: A
Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process implemented to obtain
numerical data, which are then analyzed statistically for generating understanding of various
aspects of the world. Qualitative research is also systematic, but it is an interactive,
naturalistic, and subjective approach that results in a narrative. Mixed methods research most
commonly uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, producing both statistical
analysis and narrative. Meta-analysis is the statistical pooling of results from previous studies
into a single quantitative analysis that provides one of the highest levels of evidence about an
intervention’s effectiveness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
6. A newly employed nurse administrator wants to know more about the employees on the units
the administrator supervises. The manager accesses the managerial database and gathers data
about all of the current employees on the unit, including work shift, number of years
employed, age, gender, educational preparation, certifications, work history, and professional
accomplishments, analyzing the data statistically. What type of quantitative research is this?
a. Descriptive research
b. Correlational research
c. Quasi-experimental research
d. Experimental research
ANS: A
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories: (1) descriptive, which
defines the magnitude of a concept and its characteristics, (2) correlational, which determines
association between or among variables, (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an intervention
and lacks control in at least one of three areas, and (4) experimental, which tests an
intervention and includes both a control group and random assignment. This is a research
study, even though it depends upon existent data, collected by another manager. Its purpose is
to describe the employees.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
7. A human resources employee performs research focusing on the professional life span of
nurses within this particular institution and tries to discover whether their choice of work area
is connected with the number of years they work in the institution. What type of quantitative
research is this?
a. Descriptive research
b. Correlational research
c. Quasi-experimental research
d. Experimental research
ANS: B
The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories: (1) descriptive, which
defines the magnitude of a concept and its characteristics, (2) correlational, which determines
association between or among variables, (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an intervention
and lacks control in at least one of three areas, and (4) experimental, which tests an
intervention and includes both a control group and random assignment. This study
investigates the connection or association between work area and length of time worked.
mynursytest.store
