EXAM 1 CHAPTERS 1-6 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 246
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
The study of how things function in the body! Physis= nature - CORRECT ANSWER
Physiology
Suffering, disease - CORRECT ANSWER Pathos
The study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living organisms. -
CORRECT ANSWER Pathophysiology
The study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells,
and bodily fluids - CORRECT ANSWER Pathology
What you can see of anatomy with the naked eye, like an autopsy - CORRECT
ANSWER Gross pathology
Microscopic observation of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER HISTOPATHOLOGY
Use of diagnostic tests to determine diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER CLINICAL
PATHOLOGY
Can be a SUM of deviations from normal or molecular or cell level. Abnormal
manifestations in tissue, organ, or system level.
= Can also be a disruption of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE
,The constant, internal environment of the body, steady state. There is a range of
normal measurements and functions like bg levels, bp, heart rate. Ranges
fluctuate and return to normal. A disruption of homeostasis is a disease process -
CORRECT ANSWER HOMEOSTASIS
The study of the CAUSE of disease. An etiología factor-agent is a cause.
Ex: streptococcus bacteria is an etiologic factor behind disease strep throat. -
CORRECT ANSWER Etiology
Causative agent of a disease is unknown - CORRECT ANSWER Idiopathic
Idiopathic epilepsy= neurological, seizures
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis= deposits of connective tissue
Idiopathic urticaria= chronic hives - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of idiopathic
conditions:
When a condition is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical
intervention. Ex: swelling post-surgery, complications from drugs or treatment.
Usually unintended, unwanted - CORRECT ANSWER Iatrogenic
Do not cause disease, but they put individuals at an increased risk for developing
a disease - CORRECT ANSWER RISK FACTOR
Most disorders are multifactorial, multiple agents coming together to create
condition - CORRECT ANSWER Multi-factorial
,Passed on genetically - CORRECT ANSWER INHERITED DISEASE (ETIOLOGIC
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE)
Born with iT - CORRECT ANSWER CONGENITAL DISEASE
Affect normal metabolic procedures - CORRECT ANSWER METABOLIC DISEASES
Degeneration of structures. Ex. Alzheimers, osteoarthritis= degeneration of joint
cartilages - CORRECT ANSWER DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER Neoplastic disease
Immune system is attacking it´s own cells - CORRECT ANSWER Immunologic
disease
Spread from person to person, bacteria, viruse, parasite - CORRECT ANSWER
Infectious disease
Contact with a chemical agent - CORRECT ANSWER PHYSICAL AGENT-INDUCED
DISEASE
Either not intaking enough nutrients or issues with absorption or issues with
transportation of absorbed nutrients to where they need to go - CORRECT
ANSWER Nutritional deficiency diseases
, condition caused by medical treatment - CORRECT ANSWER IATROGENIC DISEASE
Psychological state contributes to development of disease - CORRECT ANSWER
PSYCHOGENIC DISEASE
The mechanisms of development of disease- how does it happen? Includes initial
stimulus leading to a manifestation that you see. Describe pathogenesis
sequentially, step-by-step - CORRECT ANSWER Pathogenesis
The consequences of the disease= what can be seen as a consequence. Must be
observed to be a clinical sign - CORRECT ANSWER CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS-
CLINICAL SIGNS
Subjective and can only be reported by the affected individual-patient - CORRECT
ANSWER Symptoms
Temperature, low blood calcium, increased blood pressure, hematuria (blood in
urine), vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of clinical signs
Fever, fatigue, headache, pain, nausea - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of symptoms
Can be subjective when reported but can also be measured using strength of
muscle contraction- this would make it a clinical sign - CORRECT ANSWER
Weakness
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
The study of how things function in the body! Physis= nature - CORRECT ANSWER
Physiology
Suffering, disease - CORRECT ANSWER Pathos
The study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living organisms. -
CORRECT ANSWER Pathophysiology
The study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells,
and bodily fluids - CORRECT ANSWER Pathology
What you can see of anatomy with the naked eye, like an autopsy - CORRECT
ANSWER Gross pathology
Microscopic observation of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER HISTOPATHOLOGY
Use of diagnostic tests to determine diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER CLINICAL
PATHOLOGY
Can be a SUM of deviations from normal or molecular or cell level. Abnormal
manifestations in tissue, organ, or system level.
= Can also be a disruption of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE
,The constant, internal environment of the body, steady state. There is a range of
normal measurements and functions like bg levels, bp, heart rate. Ranges
fluctuate and return to normal. A disruption of homeostasis is a disease process -
CORRECT ANSWER HOMEOSTASIS
The study of the CAUSE of disease. An etiología factor-agent is a cause.
Ex: streptococcus bacteria is an etiologic factor behind disease strep throat. -
CORRECT ANSWER Etiology
Causative agent of a disease is unknown - CORRECT ANSWER Idiopathic
Idiopathic epilepsy= neurological, seizures
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis= deposits of connective tissue
Idiopathic urticaria= chronic hives - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of idiopathic
conditions:
When a condition is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical
intervention. Ex: swelling post-surgery, complications from drugs or treatment.
Usually unintended, unwanted - CORRECT ANSWER Iatrogenic
Do not cause disease, but they put individuals at an increased risk for developing
a disease - CORRECT ANSWER RISK FACTOR
Most disorders are multifactorial, multiple agents coming together to create
condition - CORRECT ANSWER Multi-factorial
,Passed on genetically - CORRECT ANSWER INHERITED DISEASE (ETIOLOGIC
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE)
Born with iT - CORRECT ANSWER CONGENITAL DISEASE
Affect normal metabolic procedures - CORRECT ANSWER METABOLIC DISEASES
Degeneration of structures. Ex. Alzheimers, osteoarthritis= degeneration of joint
cartilages - CORRECT ANSWER DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER Neoplastic disease
Immune system is attacking it´s own cells - CORRECT ANSWER Immunologic
disease
Spread from person to person, bacteria, viruse, parasite - CORRECT ANSWER
Infectious disease
Contact with a chemical agent - CORRECT ANSWER PHYSICAL AGENT-INDUCED
DISEASE
Either not intaking enough nutrients or issues with absorption or issues with
transportation of absorbed nutrients to where they need to go - CORRECT
ANSWER Nutritional deficiency diseases
, condition caused by medical treatment - CORRECT ANSWER IATROGENIC DISEASE
Psychological state contributes to development of disease - CORRECT ANSWER
PSYCHOGENIC DISEASE
The mechanisms of development of disease- how does it happen? Includes initial
stimulus leading to a manifestation that you see. Describe pathogenesis
sequentially, step-by-step - CORRECT ANSWER Pathogenesis
The consequences of the disease= what can be seen as a consequence. Must be
observed to be a clinical sign - CORRECT ANSWER CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS-
CLINICAL SIGNS
Subjective and can only be reported by the affected individual-patient - CORRECT
ANSWER Symptoms
Temperature, low blood calcium, increased blood pressure, hematuria (blood in
urine), vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of clinical signs
Fever, fatigue, headache, pain, nausea - CORRECT ANSWER Examples of symptoms
Can be subjective when reported but can also be measured using strength of
muscle contraction- this would make it a clinical sign - CORRECT ANSWER
Weakness
