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NR 565 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 2 Quiz Questions & Answers
2026 Edition | 50 Verified Questions
with Rationales
1. Cellular swelling during acute injury occurs primarily due to:
A. Mitochondrial hyperactivity
B. Sodium-potassium pump failure
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Lysosomal rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺ pump, causing intracellular
sodium and water accumulation.
2. Which process is an energy-dependent, programmed cell death
without inflammation?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autophagy
D. Ischemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis removes damaged cells in a controlled manner
without triggering inflammation.
3. Chronic inflammation is primarily characterized by infiltration of:
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
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C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Mast cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves macrophages, lymphocytes,
and plasma cells.
4. Which mutation introduces a premature stop codon producing a
truncated protein?
A. Missense
B. Nonsense
C. Frameshift
D. Silent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonsense mutation creates a stop codon, producing a
nonfunctional protein.
5. The hallmark of left-sided heart failure is:
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary venous congestion,
dyspnea, and edema.
6. Hyperkalemia most commonly affects the heart by:
A. Flattening T waves
B. Peaked T waves and arrhythmias
C. Prolonging the PR interval
D. Causing ST depression
NR 565 – Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 2 Quiz Questions & Answers
2026 Edition | 50 Verified Questions
with Rationales
1. Cellular swelling during acute injury occurs primarily due to:
A. Mitochondrial hyperactivity
B. Sodium-potassium pump failure
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Lysosomal rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺ pump, causing intracellular
sodium and water accumulation.
2. Which process is an energy-dependent, programmed cell death
without inflammation?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autophagy
D. Ischemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis removes damaged cells in a controlled manner
without triggering inflammation.
3. Chronic inflammation is primarily characterized by infiltration of:
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
, 2|Page
C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Mast cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves macrophages, lymphocytes,
and plasma cells.
4. Which mutation introduces a premature stop codon producing a
truncated protein?
A. Missense
B. Nonsense
C. Frameshift
D. Silent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonsense mutation creates a stop codon, producing a
nonfunctional protein.
5. The hallmark of left-sided heart failure is:
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary venous congestion,
dyspnea, and edema.
6. Hyperkalemia most commonly affects the heart by:
A. Flattening T waves
B. Peaked T waves and arrhythmias
C. Prolonging the PR interval
D. Causing ST depression
