PEDORTHIC PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
The normal ROM of the hip joint when flexed or extended is: a) Equal internal rotation and
external rotation
b) More internal rotation than external rotation
c) Less internal rotation than external rotation
d) 270 degrees total ROM - ANS a
Normal ROM of the knee joint is
a) 90 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of hyperextension and 10 degrees internal rotation
b) 110 degrees of flexion, 0 degrees hyperextension, 18 degrees internal rotation
c) 115 degrees of flexion, 0 degrees hyperextension and 5 degrees of external rotation
d) 130 degrees of flexion, 5 degrees of hyperextension and 5 degrees of internal rotation -
ANS d
A patient who has normal ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and limited dorsiflexion with
the knee extended ndicates:
a) Soleus equinus
b) Gastrocnemius equinus
c) Triceps surae equinus
d) Bony (rigid) equinus - ANS b
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,Ankle dorsiflexion needed for normal gait is:
a) 20 degrees
b) 5 degrees
c) 10 degrees
d) 0 degrees - ANS c
Ankle motion occurs primarily in which of the following planes?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. All of the above - ANS a
The neutral position of the STJ by the "Root" method is defined as:
a) Heel vertical position
b) 1/3 of the ROM, from maximum everted position
c) 1/3 of the ROM, from maximum inverted position
d) 0 degrees everted or inverted position - ANS b
The neutral position of the STJ neutral position by the positional method (Morden Method) is
determined by:
a) Position of the calcaneal bisection compared to the tibial bisection with the ankle maximally
dorsiflexed and the calcaneal-cuboid joint in congruity
b) The 184 metatarsal phalangeal joint maximally dorsiflexed compared to the calcaneal
bisection to the bisection of the lower of the tibia
c) The position of the lower 1/3 tibia when the CSP is vertical
d) Position of calcaneal bisection compared to the bisection of the lower 1/3 of the tibia with
the TNJ in congruity - ANS d
Forefoot varus is defined as:
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,a) The degrees of deviation of the forefoot plane inverted to the rearfoot plane with the STJ in
neutral position
b) The degrees of deviation of the forefoot plane everted to the rearfoot plane with the STJ in
neutral position
c) The degrees of plantar flexion of the FF in relation to the RF plane
d) The degrees of dorsiflexion of FF in relationship to the RF plane - ANS a
The RF plane is often defined as:
a) The plane parallel to the metatarsal condyles
b) The plane parallel to the plantar aspect of the tibial plafond c) The plane parallel to the
plantar aspect of the calcaneal tuberosities
d) The plantar parallel to the MTJ - ANS c
Rearfoot varus is the amount of calcaneal bisection deviation with the STJ in neutral position:
a) Everted from the bisection of the lower 1/3 of the tibia
b) Inverted
c) Rotated anteriorly
d) Rotated posteriorly - ANS b
FF Equinus is defined as the amount of plantar flexion of the FF from the midfoot to the
forefoot:
a) To the rearfoot plane
b) The forefoot plane
c) The MTJ
d) The tibial plafond - ANS a
Metatarsus adductus is characterized by:
a) A triangular shpaed foot
b) Pronate triangular foot
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, c) High arched foot, common "C" shaped foot which pronates d) High arched foot, "Comma"
shaped foot which supinates - ANS c
Flexible equinus is characterized by:
a) Limited ankle dorsiflexion of the ankle with rigid jamming
b) Limited ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed
c) Limited ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended
d) Both B &C - ANS d
Normal malleolar torsion position is:
a) Interior torsion of 18 degrees
b) External torsion of 18 degrees
c) Internal malleolar torsion of 5 degrees
d) External malleolar torsion of 5 degrees - ANS b
Tibial varum is best measured by:
a) Physical measurement
b) Muscular analysis
c) External anatomical measurement
d) Radiographic measurement - ANS d
In measuring the STJ ROM, it is important to maintain the foot dorsiflexed to resistance. This
means to dorsiflex the ankle to resistance. True or False - ANS false
The causes of a true forefoot valgus is:
a) Developmental malformation necessary to compensate for the inverted and rigid rearfoot
b) The over activity in the invertor muscles ranging from obvious spasm to clinically
undetectable increases in muscle tone
c) Not congenital, that it is a compensatory position
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
The normal ROM of the hip joint when flexed or extended is: a) Equal internal rotation and
external rotation
b) More internal rotation than external rotation
c) Less internal rotation than external rotation
d) 270 degrees total ROM - ANS a
Normal ROM of the knee joint is
a) 90 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of hyperextension and 10 degrees internal rotation
b) 110 degrees of flexion, 0 degrees hyperextension, 18 degrees internal rotation
c) 115 degrees of flexion, 0 degrees hyperextension and 5 degrees of external rotation
d) 130 degrees of flexion, 5 degrees of hyperextension and 5 degrees of internal rotation -
ANS d
A patient who has normal ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and limited dorsiflexion with
the knee extended ndicates:
a) Soleus equinus
b) Gastrocnemius equinus
c) Triceps surae equinus
d) Bony (rigid) equinus - ANS b
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,Ankle dorsiflexion needed for normal gait is:
a) 20 degrees
b) 5 degrees
c) 10 degrees
d) 0 degrees - ANS c
Ankle motion occurs primarily in which of the following planes?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. All of the above - ANS a
The neutral position of the STJ by the "Root" method is defined as:
a) Heel vertical position
b) 1/3 of the ROM, from maximum everted position
c) 1/3 of the ROM, from maximum inverted position
d) 0 degrees everted or inverted position - ANS b
The neutral position of the STJ neutral position by the positional method (Morden Method) is
determined by:
a) Position of the calcaneal bisection compared to the tibial bisection with the ankle maximally
dorsiflexed and the calcaneal-cuboid joint in congruity
b) The 184 metatarsal phalangeal joint maximally dorsiflexed compared to the calcaneal
bisection to the bisection of the lower of the tibia
c) The position of the lower 1/3 tibia when the CSP is vertical
d) Position of calcaneal bisection compared to the bisection of the lower 1/3 of the tibia with
the TNJ in congruity - ANS d
Forefoot varus is defined as:
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,a) The degrees of deviation of the forefoot plane inverted to the rearfoot plane with the STJ in
neutral position
b) The degrees of deviation of the forefoot plane everted to the rearfoot plane with the STJ in
neutral position
c) The degrees of plantar flexion of the FF in relation to the RF plane
d) The degrees of dorsiflexion of FF in relationship to the RF plane - ANS a
The RF plane is often defined as:
a) The plane parallel to the metatarsal condyles
b) The plane parallel to the plantar aspect of the tibial plafond c) The plane parallel to the
plantar aspect of the calcaneal tuberosities
d) The plantar parallel to the MTJ - ANS c
Rearfoot varus is the amount of calcaneal bisection deviation with the STJ in neutral position:
a) Everted from the bisection of the lower 1/3 of the tibia
b) Inverted
c) Rotated anteriorly
d) Rotated posteriorly - ANS b
FF Equinus is defined as the amount of plantar flexion of the FF from the midfoot to the
forefoot:
a) To the rearfoot plane
b) The forefoot plane
c) The MTJ
d) The tibial plafond - ANS a
Metatarsus adductus is characterized by:
a) A triangular shpaed foot
b) Pronate triangular foot
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, c) High arched foot, common "C" shaped foot which pronates d) High arched foot, "Comma"
shaped foot which supinates - ANS c
Flexible equinus is characterized by:
a) Limited ankle dorsiflexion of the ankle with rigid jamming
b) Limited ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed
c) Limited ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended
d) Both B &C - ANS d
Normal malleolar torsion position is:
a) Interior torsion of 18 degrees
b) External torsion of 18 degrees
c) Internal malleolar torsion of 5 degrees
d) External malleolar torsion of 5 degrees - ANS b
Tibial varum is best measured by:
a) Physical measurement
b) Muscular analysis
c) External anatomical measurement
d) Radiographic measurement - ANS d
In measuring the STJ ROM, it is important to maintain the foot dorsiflexed to resistance. This
means to dorsiflex the ankle to resistance. True or False - ANS false
The causes of a true forefoot valgus is:
a) Developmental malformation necessary to compensate for the inverted and rigid rearfoot
b) The over activity in the invertor muscles ranging from obvious spasm to clinically
undetectable increases in muscle tone
c) Not congenital, that it is a compensatory position
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
