HESI PN Fundamentals Review Guide Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update
2026/2027
Handwashing - Answers The single most effective way to stop the spread of infection
Medical Asepsis - Answers Reducing the number of organisms in an environment (ex. cleaning
the tub with disinfectant before giving a patient a bath)
Sterilization - Answers Breaks the chain of infection at its various links of reservoir and the
portal exit (removes all organisms)
Standard Precautions - Answers The principle of infection control that considers every client's
blood and body fluid infectious
When should you wash your hands? - Answers Between patients and foaming in and out of
patient's rooms
Why should you hold your hands lower than your forearms while handwashing? - Answers Water
flows from the least contaminated to the most contaminated
Hand hygiene - Answers Breaks the chain of infection
Nosocomial infections - Answers Hospital-acquired infections
What are the phases of infection? - Answers Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of
transmission, portal of entry, new host
When is a patient most contagious? - Answers Within the first 24 hours and 24 hours after
starting medication
Wear gown, gloves, and educate the family when? - Answers Caring for a contagious person (ex.
C-diff)
Transmission-Based Precautions - Answers Used to prevent the spread of known infection to
patients or health care staff and are used when a patient has a communicable illness that can
be spread through contact, respiratory droplets, or the air. (Wearing gowns, gloves, masks, eye
protection, and possibly head covers are used to prevent transmission of pathogens)
Isolation Precautions - Answers Placing an infectious patient in a private room with a private
toilet and equipment breaks the chain of infection the portal of exit. All equipment taken into the
rooms for use must be left in the room for this patient's use only and sterilized before used for
any other patients.
Droplet Precautions - Answers Use when in close contact with respiratory or mucous membrane
secretions
Proper way to remove a gown? - Answers Grasp the neckline to remove
, Always use what to clean areas that are used by multiple patients? - Answers A disinfectant (ex.
bathtub, bedside tables)
How often should person cares be done? - Answers A minimum of every morning and evening
Morning routine cares include? - Answers Assisting with bath, toileting, oral care, hair care,
dressing, bedding
HS (Night Cares) include? - Answers Assist to prepare for sleep, assist with toileting, offer fluids
if allowed, straighten room, dim lights, back massage
How often should oral cares and repositioning be done on an unresponsive patient? - Answers
Every 2 hours.
When and why should back rubs be given? - Answers Backrubs should be done during skin care
to improve venous circulation and promote relaxation (also done before bed and during a bed
bath, remember dying patients also)
Ted stockings are also called what? - Answers Thromboembolic (antiembolism) stockings
What are Ted stockings for? - Answers Prevention of blood clots, reduce swelling, and edema
How do Ted stockings work? - Answers They work by providing venous circulation to the heart.
Difference between an open and closed bed? - Answers An open bed has sheets turned down
and ready to be occupied where a closed bed is fully dressed
A bed that has fan-folded sheets to the far side of the bed is for? - Answers Post-operative beds
What is the purpose of a footboard? - Answers To prevent foot drop
What can we do to reduce friction and shearing in our patients? - Answers Pad and protect bony
prominences and other vulnerable areas
Abdominal binders are used for what? - Answers Support a patients abdomen and sutures after
a surgery.
Fowlers Position - Answers semi-sitting with various degrees of head elevations (45-60 degrees)
Sims Position - Answers left side semi-prone, right leg drawn up to chest, left arm alone patient
back (side lying)
Prone Position - Answers on stomach with head to side
Supine Position - Answers lying on back, arms at side
What is the best position for Orthopnea? - Answers
2026/2027
Handwashing - Answers The single most effective way to stop the spread of infection
Medical Asepsis - Answers Reducing the number of organisms in an environment (ex. cleaning
the tub with disinfectant before giving a patient a bath)
Sterilization - Answers Breaks the chain of infection at its various links of reservoir and the
portal exit (removes all organisms)
Standard Precautions - Answers The principle of infection control that considers every client's
blood and body fluid infectious
When should you wash your hands? - Answers Between patients and foaming in and out of
patient's rooms
Why should you hold your hands lower than your forearms while handwashing? - Answers Water
flows from the least contaminated to the most contaminated
Hand hygiene - Answers Breaks the chain of infection
Nosocomial infections - Answers Hospital-acquired infections
What are the phases of infection? - Answers Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of
transmission, portal of entry, new host
When is a patient most contagious? - Answers Within the first 24 hours and 24 hours after
starting medication
Wear gown, gloves, and educate the family when? - Answers Caring for a contagious person (ex.
C-diff)
Transmission-Based Precautions - Answers Used to prevent the spread of known infection to
patients or health care staff and are used when a patient has a communicable illness that can
be spread through contact, respiratory droplets, or the air. (Wearing gowns, gloves, masks, eye
protection, and possibly head covers are used to prevent transmission of pathogens)
Isolation Precautions - Answers Placing an infectious patient in a private room with a private
toilet and equipment breaks the chain of infection the portal of exit. All equipment taken into the
rooms for use must be left in the room for this patient's use only and sterilized before used for
any other patients.
Droplet Precautions - Answers Use when in close contact with respiratory or mucous membrane
secretions
Proper way to remove a gown? - Answers Grasp the neckline to remove
, Always use what to clean areas that are used by multiple patients? - Answers A disinfectant (ex.
bathtub, bedside tables)
How often should person cares be done? - Answers A minimum of every morning and evening
Morning routine cares include? - Answers Assisting with bath, toileting, oral care, hair care,
dressing, bedding
HS (Night Cares) include? - Answers Assist to prepare for sleep, assist with toileting, offer fluids
if allowed, straighten room, dim lights, back massage
How often should oral cares and repositioning be done on an unresponsive patient? - Answers
Every 2 hours.
When and why should back rubs be given? - Answers Backrubs should be done during skin care
to improve venous circulation and promote relaxation (also done before bed and during a bed
bath, remember dying patients also)
Ted stockings are also called what? - Answers Thromboembolic (antiembolism) stockings
What are Ted stockings for? - Answers Prevention of blood clots, reduce swelling, and edema
How do Ted stockings work? - Answers They work by providing venous circulation to the heart.
Difference between an open and closed bed? - Answers An open bed has sheets turned down
and ready to be occupied where a closed bed is fully dressed
A bed that has fan-folded sheets to the far side of the bed is for? - Answers Post-operative beds
What is the purpose of a footboard? - Answers To prevent foot drop
What can we do to reduce friction and shearing in our patients? - Answers Pad and protect bony
prominences and other vulnerable areas
Abdominal binders are used for what? - Answers Support a patients abdomen and sutures after
a surgery.
Fowlers Position - Answers semi-sitting with various degrees of head elevations (45-60 degrees)
Sims Position - Answers left side semi-prone, right leg drawn up to chest, left arm alone patient
back (side lying)
Prone Position - Answers on stomach with head to side
Supine Position - Answers lying on back, arms at side
What is the best position for Orthopnea? - Answers
