WGU D236 PATHO MEGAN/SHAY’S STUDY GUIDES
295 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025/2026
Albumin - CORRECT ANSWER What is the primary determinant of oncotic
pressure?
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Form of osmotic pressure exerted by
proteins
Naive T Cells - CORRECT ANSWER What is the difference between adult and child
immunity?
Osmoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by
_________________, which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys,
and RAAS.
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
,#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion - CORRECT ANSWER What s/six are associated with dehydration?
Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2. - CORRECT ANSWER A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting
has an elevated CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition
does she have?
35-45 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal CO2 level
7.35-7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal pH level
22-26 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal HCO3 level
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
,His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream. - CORRECT
ANSWER Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH
impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it
easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present. - CORRECT ANSWER A
hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive heart failure and fluid
volume overload. Which elevated hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of
the body's attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin
135-145 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal sodium level
Na < 135
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifestations
Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Six?
Na > 145
295 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025/2026
Albumin - CORRECT ANSWER What is the primary determinant of oncotic
pressure?
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Form of osmotic pressure exerted by
proteins
Naive T Cells - CORRECT ANSWER What is the difference between adult and child
immunity?
Osmoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by
_________________, which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys,
and RAAS.
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
,#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion - CORRECT ANSWER What s/six are associated with dehydration?
Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2. - CORRECT ANSWER A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting
has an elevated CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition
does she have?
35-45 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal CO2 level
7.35-7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal pH level
22-26 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal HCO3 level
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
,His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream. - CORRECT
ANSWER Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH
impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it
easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the
bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out
of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream.
BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present. - CORRECT ANSWER A
hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive heart failure and fluid
volume overload. Which elevated hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of
the body's attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin
135-145 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal sodium level
Na < 135
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifestations
Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Six?
Na > 145
