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Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
Anatomy of the Muscular System: Introduction & 1
Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you complete the labs and modules
as indicated in the BIOD 151 Lab Schedule.
The muscular system and the skeletal system work together to provide movement for the human
body. Muscle tissue is found in three distinct types in the body; skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal muscles must have a blood and nervous supply to provide movement. Skeletal muscles are
under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to
complete an action. Communication within the body to coordinate movement starts in the brain with
a message that is sent through the spinal cord and eventually attaches to a muscle. Peripheral
nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific
muscle destination to provide movement. Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle
are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the
central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input. (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2) Spinal
nerves combine to form complex networks of peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
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BIOD 151
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a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
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Figure 5.1 Posterior view of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord (central nervous
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
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3
system) connect to the peripheral nervous system. Examples of peripheral nerves are spinal nerves
(cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
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4
Figure 5.2 Peripheral nerves carry the communication from the central nervous system (brain and
spinal cord) to the muscle. Peripheral nerves also carry information from the environment to the
central nervous system.
Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end (see Figure 5.3).
Tendons are flexible, can bend at the joints, and help cushion against sudden
movement. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints
where bones meet.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
with complete
Learning
solutions
BIOD 151
2025.pdf
a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
Anatomy of the Muscular System: Introduction & 1
Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you complete the labs and modules
as indicated in the BIOD 151 Lab Schedule.
The muscular system and the skeletal system work together to provide movement for the human
body. Muscle tissue is found in three distinct types in the body; skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal muscles must have a blood and nervous supply to provide movement. Skeletal muscles are
under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to
complete an action. Communication within the body to coordinate movement starts in the brain with
a message that is sent through the spinal cord and eventually attaches to a muscle. Peripheral
nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific
muscle destination to provide movement. Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle
are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the
central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input. (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2) Spinal
nerves combine to form complex networks of peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
,Page 2 of 184 Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5Portage
with complete
Learning
solutions
BIOD 151
2025.pdf
a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
2
Figure 5.1 Posterior view of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord (central nervous
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
,Page 3 of 184 Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5Portage
with complete
Learning
solutions
BIOD 151
2025.pdf
a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
3
system) connect to the peripheral nervous system. Examples of peripheral nerves are spinal nerves
(cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
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BIOD 151
2025.pdf
a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
4
Figure 5.2 Peripheral nerves carry the communication from the central nervous system (brain and
spinal cord) to the muscle. Peripheral nerves also carry information from the environment to the
central nervous system.
Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end (see Figure 5.3).
Tendons are flexible, can bend at the joints, and help cushion against sudden
movement. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints
where bones meet.
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025.pdf
16/01/2026
Portage Learning BIOD 151 a&p module 5 with complete solutions 2025
